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Pharmacology for Nurses A Pathophysiological Approach

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Pharmacology for Nurses A Pathophysiological Approach

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  • September 7, 2024
  • 12
  • 2024/2025
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Pharmacology for Nurses A Pathophysiological Approach, 6th
Edition TEST BANK by Michael P. Adams; Norman Holland,
Verified Chapters 1 - 50, Complete Newest Version
Pharmacology - ANSWER: Study of medicine; how drugs are administered; where
drugs travel in the body,
Response that drugs produce.

drug - ANSWER: A chemical substance that is taken to cause changes in a person's
body or behavior

medication - ANSWER: A substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relieve
pain.

biologics - ANSWER: agents naturally produced in animal cells, in microorganisms, or
by the body itself

Mechanism of Action - ANSWER: how a drug produces its physiological effect in the
body

Bioavailability - ANSWER: the extent to which the body can absorb and use a
nutrient

Therapeutic classification of drugs: - ANSWER: Based on what the drug does clinically

Pharmacologic Classification - ANSWER: Based on the drug's mechanism of action, or
how the drug produces its effect

Most Drugs have three names - ANSWER: Chemical, Generic, Trade (CHEMICAL:
(1/2)-2-(p-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid; GENERIC: ibuprofen; TRADE: Motrin)

Generic vs. Trade-Name Drugs - ANSWER: Trade name drugs with exclusive rights
cost more. When rights end, competing companies offer generic form cheaper

prescription drugs - ANSWER: Drugs legally available only with a physician's order.

Over the counter drugs (OTC) - ANSWER: can be purchased without a prescription

Black Box Warnings - ANSWER: One of the primary alerts for identifying
extreme adverse drug reactions discovered
during and after the review
process; 1997 FDA created "Black Box Warnings"

Contraindications - ANSWER: factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment

, why should healthcare professionals be concerned about patients taking herbal
medicines? - ANSWER: patients could be putting themselves at risk, potential herb-
drug interactions

U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP) - ANSWER: 1820; 1st comprehensive publication
formulary used in the U.S.; drug purity, strength, and directions for synthesis.

USP and National Formulary (NF) - ANSWER: 1852-1975, two drug standards in the
US by the American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA). 1. USP - all drug products. 2.
National Formulary (NF) - pharmaceutical ingredients.

U.S. Pharacopoeia -National Formulary (USP-NF) - ANSWER: 1975 merged into a
single publication

Biologic Control Act - ANSWER: 1902 standardized serum and blood-related products

Pure Food and Drug Act - ANSWER: 1906 - Established government control (FDA) for
labeling
medicines

Shirley Amendment - ANSWER: 1912 - Prohibited drugs labeled with false
therapeutic
claims

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1938) and amendments - ANSWER: 1938- Thorough
testing of drug; Proof of safety and efficacy of drug

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, 1994 - ANSWER: 1994-Controls
misleading industry claims

Four Stages of Approval for Therapeutic and Biologic Drugs - ANSWER: 1. Preclinical
investigation (1-3 years, average 18months)
2. Clinical investigation (2-10 years; average 5 years)
3. Review of new drug application (NDA) (2 months -7 years, average 24 months)
4. Postmarketing surveillance (adverse reaction reporting; surveys/sampling/testing;
inspections)

Addiction - ANSWER: The overwhelming feeling that drives someone to use a drug
repeated

Dependence - ANSWER: A physiological or psychological need for a substance

Physical dependence - ANSWER: An altered physical condition caused by the
adaptation of the nervous system to repeated drug use.

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