Cranial Nerve III: Oculomotor - *answers* --Function: motor - fibers to the superior,
inferior and medial rectus muscles of the eye and to the smooth muscle controlling lens
shape. Medial and vertical eye movements; sensory - proprioception of the eye
-Testing procedure: pupil sizes are compared for shape and equality, pupillary reflex is
tested; visual tracking is tested
Cranial Nerve IV: Trochlear Nerve - *answers* Motor: eye movement, extra ocular
superior oblique muscle
Tested the same as CN III
Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal - *answers* -Function: motor and sensory for face,
conducts sensory impulses from mouth, nose, eyes; motor fibers for muscles of
mastication. Control of jaw movements
-Testing procedure: pain, touch, and temperature are tested with proper stimulus;
corneal reflex tested with a wisp of cotton; person is asked to move jaw through full
ranges of motion
Cranial Nerve VI: Abducens - *answers* -Function: motor and proprioceptor fibers
to/from lateral rectus muscle. Lateral eye movements
-Testing procedure: tested in conjunction with cranial nerve III relative to moving eye
laterally
Cranial Nerve VII: Facial - *answers* -Function: mixed (sensory and motor) sensory
fibers to taste buds and anterior 2/3 tongue; motor fibers to muscles of facial expression
and to salivary glands
-Testing procedure: check symmetry of face, ask person to attempt various facial
expressions; sweet, salty, sour, and bitter substances are applied to tongue to test
tasting ability
Cranial Nerve VIII: vestibulocochlear - *answers* Function: Sensory - special senses of
hearing and balance; Foramen: internal auditory canal; Consequence of Loss: loss of
hearing, loss of balance and equilibrium, nausea, vertigo, vomiting
, Cranial nerve IX: glossopharyngeal - *answers* -Function: motor fibers for pharynx and
salivary glands; sensory fibers for pharynx and posterior tongue. Taste sensation for
sweet, bitter and sour
-Testing procedure: gag and swallow reflexes are checked; posterior one third of tongue
is tested for taste
Cranial Nerve X: Vagus - *answers* -Function: sensory/motor impulses for larynx and
pharynx; parasympathetic motor fibers supply smooth muscles of abdominal organs;
sensory impulses from viscera
-Testing procedure: tested in conjunction with cranial nerve IX
Cranial Nerve XI: Spinal Accessory - *answers* Function: Motor - to
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius; Foramen: foramen magnum, jugular foramen;
Consequence of Loss: difficulty elevating scapula or rotating neck
Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal - *answers* -Function: motor/sensory fibers to/from
tongue. Movement of tongue
-Testing procedure: ask person to stick out tongue, positional abnormalities are noted
central nervous system - *answers* consists of the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system - *answers* consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31
spinal nerves
subdivided into somatic and autonomic nervous system
afferent nerves - *answers* sensory transmitters that send impulses from receptors in
the skin, muscles, and joints to the central nervous system
efferent nerves - *answers* Also called motor nerves; nerves that carry information from
the CNS to cells, tissues and organs.
Neuron - *answers* a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
fuel source: glucose
Parts of a neuron - *answers* cell body, dendrites, axon
Cerebrum - *answers* Location: largest part of the brain
Function: Area of the brain responsible for all voluntary activities of the body
Sign of injury/lesion/disorder: movements that are slow and uncoordinated
cerebral cortex - *answers* the gray matter surrounding the cerebrum
white matter - *answers* located beneath the cerebral cortex
myelinated axons of the CNS
Four lobes of the brain - *answers* frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
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