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ISTQB Foundation Level Exam Study Guide.
False-fail result - answer✔✔test result - defect reported but no defect exists in test object
Error - Mistake - answer✔✔Human action produces an incorrect result
Defect (bug, fault) - answer✔✔Flaw in a component or system causing component or system to
fail to perform required function.
Failure - answer✔✔Deviation of the component or system from its expected delivery, service or
result.
Quality - answer✔✔The degree to which a component, system or process meets specified
requirements and/or user/customer needs and expectations.
Risk - answer✔✔A factor that could result in future negative consequences; usually expressed as
impact and likelihood.
False-pass result - answer✔✔A test result which fails to identify the presence of a defect that is
actually present in the test object.
Testing - answer✔✔Also know as evaluation. The process consisting of all life-cycle activities
both static and dynamic, concerned with planning, preparation, and evaluation of software
products and related work products to determine that they are fit for purpose and to detect
defects.
Requirement - answer✔✔A condition or capability needed by a user to solve a problem or
achieve an objective that must be met or possessed by a system or system component to satisfy a
contract, standard, specification, or other formally imposed document.
Review - answer✔✔An evaluation of a product or project status to ascertain discrepancies from
planned results and to recommend improvements. Examples include management review,
informal review, technical review, inspection, and walkthrough.
Debugging - answer✔✔The process of finding, analyzing, and removing the causes of failures in
software.
Confirmation testing (re-testing) - answer✔✔Testing that runs test cases that failed the last time
they were run, in order to verify the success of corrective actions.
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Test Strategy - answer✔✔A high-level description of the test levels to be performed and the
testing within those levels for an organization or program (one or more projects)
Test Execution - answer✔✔The process of running a test on the component or system under test,
producing actual results
Test approach - answer✔✔The implementation of the test strategy for a specific project.
Test Plan - answer✔✔A document describing the scope, approach, resources, and schedule of
intended test activities. It identifies among others test items, the features to be tested, the testing
tasks, who will do each task, degree of test independence, the test environment, the test design
techniques, and entry an exit criteria to be used, and the rationale for their choice, and any risks
requiring contingency planning. It is a record of the test planning process.
Test monitoring - answer✔✔A test management task that deals with the activities related to
periodically checking the status of a test project. Reports are prepared that compare the actuals to
that which was planned.
Test condition - answer✔✔An item or event of a component or system that could be verified by
one or more test cases, e.g. a function, transaction, feature, quality attribute, or structural
element.
Test basis - answer✔✔All documents from which the requirements of a component or system
can be inferred. the documentation on which the test cases are based. If a document can be
amended only by way of formal amendment procedure, then the test basis is called a frozen test
basis.
Test Data - answer✔✔Data the exists before a test is executed, and that affects or is affected by
the component or system under test. Example - in a database
Coverage (test coverage) - answer✔✔The degree, expressed as a percentage, to which a
specified coverage item has been exercised by a test suite.
Test procedure specification (test procedure, test script, manual test script) - answer✔✔A
document specifying a sequence of actions for the execution of a test.
Test Suite - answer✔✔A set of several test cases for a component or system under test, where
the post condition of one test if often used as the precondition for the next one.
Incident - answer✔✔Also known as deviation. Any event occurring that requires investigation.
Testware - answer✔✔Artifacts produced during the test process required to plan, design, and
execute tests, such as documentation, scripts, inputs, expected results, set-up, and clear-up
procedures, files, databases, environment, and any additional software or utilities used in testing.
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Regression testing - answer✔✔Testing of a previously tested program following modification to
ensure that defects have not been introduced or uncovered in unchanged areas of the software, as
a result of the changes made. It is performed when the software or its environment is changed.
Exit Criteria - answer✔✔The set of generic and specific conditions, agreed upon with the
stakeholders, for permitting a process to be officially completed. The purpose of exit criteria is to
prevent a task from being considered completed when there are still outstanding parts of the task
that have not been finished. Exit criteria are used to report against and to plan when to stop
testing.
Test log - answer✔✔A chronological record of relevant details about the execution of tests.
Test summary report - answer✔✔A document summarizing testing activities and results. It is
also contains an evaluation of the corresponding test items against exist criteria.
Error Guessing - answer✔✔A test design technique where the experience of the test is used to
anticipate what defects might be present in the component or system under test as a result of
errors made, and to design tests specifically to expose them.
Independence of testing - answer✔✔Separation of responsibilities, which encourages the
accomplishment of objective testing
Test policy - answer✔✔A high level document describing the principles, approach, and major
objectives regarding testing.
Verification - answer✔✔Confirmation by examination and through provision of objective
evidence that specified requirements have been fulfilled.
Validation - answer✔✔Confirmation by examination and through provision of objective
evidence that the requirements for a specific intended use or application have been fulfilled.
V-model - answer✔✔A framework to describe the software development lifecycle activities
from requirements specification to maintenance. The V-model illustrates how testing activities
can be integrated into each phase of the software development lifecycle.
Test level - answer✔✔A group of test activities that are organized and managed together. A test
level is linked to the responsibilities in a project. Examples of test levels are component test,
integration test, system test, and acceptance test.
Integration - answer✔✔The process of combining components or systems into larger assemblies.
Off-the-shelf software (commercial off-the-shelf software, COTS) - answer✔✔A software
product that is developed for the general market, i.e. for a large number of customers, and that is
delivered to many customers in identical format.
