ISTQB Foundation Exam Study Guide.
Defect (syn. bug, fault) - answerAn imperfection or deficiency in a work product where it
does not meet its requirements or specifications.
A flaw in a component or system that can cause the component or system to fail to perform its
required function, e.g., a...
Defect (syn. bug, fault) - answer✔✔An imperfection or deficiency in a work product where it
does not meet its requirements or specifications.
A flaw in a component or system that can cause the component or system to fail to perform its
required function, e.g., an incorrect statement or data definition. A defect, if encountered during
execution, may cause a failure of the component or system.
error (syn. mistake) - answer✔✔A human action that produces an incorrect result.
failure - answer✔✔Deviation of the component or system from its expected delivery, service or
result.
An event in which a component or system does not perform a required function within specified
limits.
quality - answer✔✔The degree to which a component, system or process meets specified
requirements and/or user/customer needs and expectations.
risk - answer✔✔A factor that could result in future negative consequences.
debugging - answer✔✔The process of finding, analyzing and removing the causes of failures in
software.
requirement - answer✔✔A condition or capability needed by a user to solve a problem or
achieve an objective that must be met or possessed by a system or system component to satisfy a
contract, standard, specification, or other formally imposed document.
A provision that contains criteria to be fulfilled.
review - answer✔✔An evaluation of a product or project status to ascertain discrepancies from
planned results and to recommend improvements. Examples include management review,
informal review, technical review, inspection, and walkthrough.
A type of static testing during which a work product or process is evaluated by one or more
individuals to detect issues and to provide improvements.
test case - answer✔✔A set of input values, execution preconditions, expected results and
execution postconditions, developed for a particular objective or test condition, such as to
exercise a particular program path or to verify compliance with a specific requirement.
A set of preconditions, inputs, actions (where applicable), expected results and postconditions,
developed based on test conditions.
testing - answer✔✔The process consisting of all lifecycle activities, both static and dynamic,
concerned with planning, preparation and evaluation of software products and related work
products to determine that they satisfy specified requirements, to demonstrate that they are fit for
purpose and to detect defects.
test objective - answer✔✔A reason or purpose for designing and executing a test.
confirmation testing (syn. re-testing) - answer✔✔Dynamic testing conducted after fixing defects
with the objective to confirm that failures caused by those defects do not occur anymore.
exit criteria (syn. completion criteria, test completion criteria, definition of done) -
answer✔✔The set of conditions for officially completing a defined task.
The set of generic and specific conditions, agreed upon with the stakeholders for permitting a
process to be officially completed. The purpose of exit criteria is to prevent a task from being
considered completed when there are still outstanding parts of the task which have not been
finished. Exit criteria are used to report against and to plan when to stop testing.
incident (syn. deviation, software test incident, test incident) - answer✔✔Any event occurring
that requires investigation.
regression testing - answer✔✔Testing of a previously tested program following modification to
ensure that defects have not been introduced or uncovered in unchanged areas of the software, as
a result of the changes made.
It is performed when the software or its environment is changed.
test basis - answer✔✔The body of knowledge used as the basis for test analysis and design.
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