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Summary AP Environmental Science Exam Review 2024
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AP Environmental Science Exam Review 2024
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AP Environmental Science Exam Review2024
abiotic - Pertaining to factors or things that are nonliving.
acid - Any compound that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Also, a
water solution that contains a surplus of hydrogen ions.
A horizon - a soil horizon; the layer below the O layer is called the A layer. The A
layer is formed of weathered rock, with some organic material; often referred to
as topsoil.
alkaline - a basic substance; chemically, a substance that absorbs hydrogen ions or
releases hydroxyl ions; in reference to natural water, a measure of the base
content of the water.
aquifer - an underground layer of porous rock, sand, or other material that allows
the movement of water between layers of nonporous rock or clay. Aquifers are
frequently tapped for wells.
arable - land that's fit to be cultivated.
asthenosphere - the part of the mantle that lies just below the lithosphere.
,AP Environmental Science Exam Review
2024
atmosphere - the gaseous mass or envelope surrounding a celestial body,
especially the one surrounding the Earth, which is retained by the celestial body's
gravitational field.
barrier island - a long, relatively narrow island running parallel to the mainland-
built up by the action of waves and currents and serving to protect the coast from
erosion by surf and tidal surges.
biological weathering - any weathering that's caused by the activities of living
organisms.
biotic - living or derived from living things.
B horizon - a soil horizon; B receives the minerals and organic materials that are
leached out of the A horizon.
chemical weathering - the result of chemical interaction with the bedrock that is
typical of the action of both water and atmospheric gases.
,AP Environmental Science Exam Review
2024
C horizon - a soil horizon, horizon C is made up of larger pieces of rock that have
not undergone much weathering.
clay - the finest soil, made up of particles that are less than 0.002 mm in diameter.
convection - the vertical movement of a mass of matter due to heating and
cooling; this can happen in both the atmosphere and Earth's mantle.
convection currents - air currents caused by the vertical movement of air due to
atmospheric heating and cooling.
convergent boundary - a plate boundary where two plates are moving toward
each other.
coral reef - an erosion-resistant marine ridge or mound consisting chiefly of
compacted coral together with algal material and biochemically deposited
magnesium and calcium carbonates.
, AP Environmental Science Exam Review
2024
Coriolis effect - The observed effect of the Coriolis force, especially the deflection
of an object moving above the Earth, rightward in the Northern Hemisphere, and
leftward in the Southern Hemisphere.
crop rotation - the practice of alternating the crops grown on a piece of land - for
example, corn one year, legumes for two years, and then back to corn.
delta - a usually triangular alluvial deposit at the mouth of a river.
divergent boundary - a plate boundary at which plates are moving away from each
other. This causes an upwelling of magma from the mantle to cool and form new
crust.
doldrums - a region of the ocean near the equator, characterized by calms, light
winds, or squalls.
drip irrigation - a method of supplying irrigation water through tubes that literally
drip water onto the soil at the base of each plant.
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