Penn Foster Pharmacology Questions and Answers 100% Pass
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Course
Penn Foster Pharmacology
Institution
Penn Foster Pharmacology
Penn Foster Pharmacology Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
What is first-pass metabolism?
The process where a drug is metabolized by the liver before it reaches systemic circulation,
reducing its bioavailability.
What is the role of plasma protein binding in drug action?
Drugs that bind...
Penn Foster Pharmacology Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
What is first-pass metabolism?
✔✔ The process where a drug is metabolized by the liver before it reaches systemic circulation,
reducing its bioavailability.
What is the role of plasma protein binding in drug action?
✔✔ Drugs that bind to plasma proteins in the bloodstream can be temporarily inactive and are
released slowly to exert their effects.
What is meant by titration in pharmacology?
✔✔ The gradual adjustment of drug dosage to achieve the optimal therapeutic effect while
minimizing side effects.
What is the significance of a drug's therapeutic window?
✔✔ The range of drug concentrations in the blood where the drug is effective without being
toxic.
1
,What are prodrugs and how do they function?
✔✔ Prodrugs are inactive drugs that become active only after undergoing metabolism within the
body.
What does receptor downregulation mean in pharmacology?
✔✔ The process where prolonged exposure to a drug decreases the number of receptors
available, reducing the drug's effectiveness.
What is pharmacogenomics?
✔✔ The study of how an individual's genetic makeup affects their response to drugs, aiming to
tailor treatments to each person.
What are dose-dependent side effects?
✔✔ Side effects that increase in severity with higher doses of a drug.
What is the purpose of a loading dose?
✔✔ To rapidly achieve therapeutic drug levels in the body, especially for drugs with a long half-
life.
2
,What does bioequivalence mean?
✔✔ A term indicating that two drug products release the same amount of active ingredient into
the bloodstream at the same rate and extent.
What is receptor desensitization?
✔✔ A phenomenon where continuous exposure to a drug leads to a decreased response from the
receptors over time.
What is pharmacokinetic tolerance?
✔✔ When the body becomes more efficient at metabolizing a drug, leading to reduced drug
levels and effectiveness.
How does food-drug interaction affect drug efficacy?
✔✔ Food can alter the absorption, metabolism, or excretion of a drug, potentially enhancing or
diminishing its therapeutic effect.
What is the difference between idiosyncratic reactions and allergic reactions to drugs?
3
, ✔✔ Idiosyncratic reactions are rare and unpredictable adverse effects that are not related to the
drug's known pharmacological action, while allergic reactions are immune-mediated responses to
the drug.
What does steady-state concentration refer to in drug administration?
✔✔ The point at which the rate of drug administration equals the rate of drug elimination,
resulting in constant drug levels in the body.
What is pharmacology?
✔✔ The study of drugs, including their origin, effects, and how they are used to treat diseases.
What is the difference between a drug's generic name and its brand name?
✔✔ The generic name is the official, non-proprietary name of the drug, while the brand name is
the trademarked name given by the manufacturer.
What is the primary purpose of a drug's pharmacokinetics?
✔✔ To study how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body.
What does the term bioavailability refer to in pharmacology?
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