Penn Foster Pharmacology Proctor Exam Practice Questions with Verified Solutions
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Penn Foster Pharmacology Proctor
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Penn Foster Pharmacology Proctor
Penn Foster Pharmacology Proctor
Exam Practice Questions with Verified
Solutions
What is the difference between an agonist and an antagonist in pharmacology?
An agonist activates a receptor to produce a response, while an antagonist blocks or
dampens the response of a receptor.
What ro...
Penn Foster Pharmacology Proctor
Exam Practice Questions with Verified
Solutions
What is the difference between an agonist and an antagonist in pharmacology?
✔✔ An agonist activates a receptor to produce a response, while an antagonist blocks or
dampens the response of a receptor.
What role do the kidneys play in drug excretion?
✔✔ The kidneys filter drugs and their metabolites from the blood and excrete them through
urine.
What is meant by "first-pass effect" in pharmacology?
✔✔ The first-pass effect refers to the reduction in drug concentration before it reaches systemic
circulation, due to metabolism in the liver.
What is the significance of the peak and trough levels of a drug?
✔✔ Peak levels indicate the highest concentration of the drug in the bloodstream, while trough
levels indicate the lowest concentration before the next dose.
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,What are the common routes of drug administration for patients who cannot take medications
orally?
✔✔ Intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), and transdermal.
What factors can influence a drug's absorption rate?
✔✔ Route of administration, blood flow to the site of administration, drug formulation, and
presence of food in the stomach.
What is the difference between a prescription and an over-the-counter (OTC) medication?
✔✔ Prescription medications require a doctor's order and are monitored by a healthcare provider,
while OTC medications can be purchased without a prescription.
What are some common drug interactions that can affect anticoagulant therapy?
✔✔ Interactions with other medications such as aspirin or certain antibiotics can enhance or
inhibit the effects of anticoagulants.
What is the purpose of a loading dose in pharmacotherapy?
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,✔✔ A loading dose is used to quickly achieve therapeutic drug levels in the bloodstream, usually
followed by maintenance doses.
How do age and weight affect drug dosing and efficacy?
✔✔ Age and weight can influence how drugs are metabolized and excreted, affecting the
required dosage and effectiveness of the medication.
What does the term "bioavailability" refer to?
✔✔ The proportion of a drug that enters the bloodstream when it is introduced into the body and
is made available for action.
What are the main routes of drug administration?
✔✔ Oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and topical.
What is the difference between a drug's generic name and its brand name?
✔✔ The generic name is the official medical name of the drug, while the brand name is the name
given by the manufacturer.
How does a drug's half-life affect dosing intervals?
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, ✔✔ The half-life determines how long it takes for the drug’s concentration to reduce by half,
influencing how often the drug needs to be administered.
What is the role of the liver in drug metabolism?
✔✔ The liver processes and breaks down drugs, converting them into forms that can be excreted
from the body.
What are side effects, and how do they differ from adverse effects?
✔✔ Side effects are unintended but generally mild effects of a drug, while adverse effects are
more severe and potentially harmful reactions.
What is the significance of drug interactions in pharmacology?
✔✔ Drug interactions can affect the efficacy and safety of medications, potentially leading to
reduced therapeutic effects or increased risk of adverse reactions.
What is the purpose of a drug’s therapeutic index?
✔✔ To measure the margin of safety of a drug, indicating the range between effective and toxic
doses.
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