Using the ideas discussed in the text, in what sense are we "star stuff"? - Nearly every atom from which we are made was once inside of a star
When did humans learn that the Earth is not the center of the universe? - Within the past 500 years
How are galaxies important to our existence? - Gal...
Using the ideas discussed in the text, in what sense are we "star stuff"? - Nearly every
atom from which we are made was once inside of a star
When did humans learn that the Earth is not the center of the universe? - Within the
past 500 years
How are galaxies important to our existence? - Galaxies recycle material from one
generation of stars to the next, and without this recycling we could not exist.
If we imagine the history of the universe compressed into one year, dinosaurs walked
on Earth - about 6 days ago
Which of the following has your "cosmic address" in the correct order? - You, Earth,
solar system, Milky Way Galaxy, Local Group, Local Supercluster, universe
When we look at an object that is 1,000 light-years away we see it - as it was 1000
years ago
Why do the patterns of the stars in our sky look the same from year to year? - Although
these stars move quite fast by human standards, they are so far away that it would take
thousands of years for their motion to be noticeable to the eye.
Relative to the age of the universe, how old is our solar system? - It is between about
one-quarter to one-half the age of the universe.
ASTR final exam
, ASTR final exam
Suppose we make a scale model of our solar system, with the Sun the size of a
grapefruit. Which of the following best describes what the planets would look like? -
They are all much smaller than the sun. Four planets are within about 20 meters of the
Sun, while the remaining planets are spread much farther apart, with Pluto more than a
half a kilometer from the Sun.
How long would it take to count all the stars in the Milky Way Galaxy at a rate of one
star per second? - Several thousand years
The total number of stars in the observable universe is about - the same as the number
of grains of sand on all the beaches on Earth
Astronomers infer that the universe is expanding because distant galaxies all appear to
- be moving away from us, with more distant ones moving faster
How do the speeds at which we are moving with the Earth's rotation and orbit compare
to the speeds of more familiar objects? - The Earth's rotation is carrying most people
around the axis faster than a commercial jet travels, and the Earth's orbit is carrying us
around the Sun faster than the Space Shuttle orbits the Earth/
Where is our solar system located within the Milky Way Galaxy? - Roughly halfway to
two-thirds between the center and the edge of the visible disk of the galaxy
Suppose we look at two distant galaxies: Galaxy 1 is twice as far away as Galaxy 2. In
that case - we are seeing Galaxy 1 as it looked at an earlier time in the history of the
universe than Galaxy 2
ASTR final exam
, ASTR final exam
How did the Ptolemaic model explain the apparent retrograde motion of the planets? - It
held that the planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around the
Earth, and that the combined motion sometimes resulted in backward motion.
Ptolemy was important in the history of astronomy because he - developed a model of
the solar system that made sufficiently accurate predictions of planetary positions to
remain in use for many centuries.
The astrology practiced by those who cast predictive horoscopes can be tested by -
comparing how often the predictions come true to what would be expected by pure
chance
Galileo challenged the idea that objects in the heavens were perfect by - observing
sunspots on the sun and mountains on the moon
Suppose that the planet Uranus were much brighter in the sky, so that it was as easily
visible to the naked eye as Jupiter or Saturn. Which one of the following statements
would most likely be true in that case? - A week would have 8 days instead of 7
Which of the following is NOT one of the major hallmarks of science? - New scientific
ideas are always based on small changes to old ideas and are never revolutionary.
Earth is farthest from the Sun in July and closest to the Sun in January. During which
northern hemisphere season is Earth moving fastest in its orbit? - Winter
Which of the following is NOT part of a good scientific theory? - A scientific theory
cannot be accepted until it has been proven true beyond all doubt.
ASTR final exam
, ASTR final exam
All of the following statements are true. Which one follows directly from Kepler's third
law (p^2=a^3)? - Venus orbits the Sun at a slower average speed than Mercury.
Our standard hour is always the same amount of time (60 minutes, or 1/24 of a solar
day). In contrast, the hour of ancient Egypt - was longer than today's hour in the
summer and shorter than today's hour in the winter.
When Copernicus first created his Sun-centered model of the universe, it did not lead to
substantially better predictions of planetary positions than the Ptolemaic model. Why
not? - Copernicus used perfect circles for the orbits of the planets.
What do the structures of Stonehenge, the Templo Mayor, the Sun Dagger, and the Big
Horn Medicine Wheel all have in common? - They were all used by ancient peoples for
astronomical observations.
Which of the following is a form of electrical potential energy? - energy coming to your
house from power companies
Which object has the most kinetic energy? - a 1-ton car moving 100 km/hr
Suppose you kick a soccer ball straight up to a height of 10 meters. Which of the
following is true about the gravitational potential energy of the ball during its flight - The
ball's gravitational potential energy is greatest at the instant when the ball is at its
highest point.
Which of the following represent the smallest range of temperature? - 0 to 100
Fahrenheit
ASTR final exam
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