NIH Principals of Clinical Pharmacology.pdf file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/New%20folder/NIH%20Principals%20
NIH Principals of Clinical Pharmacology
1. Some clinical situations require administration of an IV loading (initial) dose of a drug to
establish a therapeutic plasma concentration without delay.Which of the following is a
determinant of the initial plasma concentration of a drug given by rapid IV infusion (i.e.
bolus dose)?
Answer The central compartment volume of distribution
The first-order distribution rate constant The
elimination clearance rate
The intercompartmental clearance rate
2. Which of the following elements is NOT required by federal regulations to be included
in every informed consent form?
Answer Confidentiality of records Compensation for injuries
Requirement for advanced directives
Voluntariness and right to withdraw
3. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring should be considered for a drug with which of the
following characteristics?
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Answer Narrow therapeutic index with variable interpatient pharmacokinetics
Generally well tolerated over a wide therapeutic range Well-
established physiologic biomarker to guide dosing
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring should be considered for all drugs regardless of pharmacokinetic
properties
4. What is the clinical relevance of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)?
Answer P-gp is an SLC transporter implicated in major drug-drug interactions
P-gp is an ABC transporter implicated in major drug-drug interactions
P-gp is a hepatic CYP enzyme implicated in major drug-drug interactions
P-gp is an intestinal CYP enzyme implicated in major drug-drug interactions
5. Drug G is administered in an active form and converted to an inactive metabolite by
CYP2D6. If Drug G is administered to a patient who is a poor metabolizer, what is the
likely outcome?
Answer The efficacy will be reduced
The metabolism will be increased The
toxicity will be increased
The metabolism will be as expected
6. A patient is receiving an aminoglycoside antibiotic for the treatment of a serious
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infection. PK samples today revealed a peak within acceptable limits but a trough much
lower than the target concentration. What is the best approach to increase the trough
concentration?
Answer Reduce the dosing interval (i.e. shorten the time between doses)
Extend the dosing interval (i.e. lengthen the time between doses) Increase
the dose
Decrease the dose
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