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BPSC MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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BPSC MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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BPSC MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSHow do we use maize (corn)? Can you name several uses for maize? - Answers -Maize
is a major ethanol source for biofuel and beverages. Corn products are in a large
number of processed foods. (Food & fuel economy). We use corn for: food, home,
medicine, fuel, industry, exports, fun, and livestock.
Can you describe the key features of maize? Does it have perfect flowers? Is it
monecious or diecious? What does monecious and diecious mean? - Answers -The key
features of maize are: a monocot, stems erect, round and herbaceous, and has leaves
simple, alternate, with a sheathing leaf base. Maize has imperfect flowers. The plant is
monoecious, which means male and female flowers in different inflorescences in the
same plant. Diecious means having male reproductive organs in one individual and
female in another.
Where did maize originate from? - Answers -Maize originated from low-land teosinte
(Zea mays parviglumis) Mesoamerica approximately 9,000 years ago.
What is the name of maize's wild relative (ancestor)? - Answers -The name of maize's
wild relative is teosinte.
What four traits did teosinte have that were improved in cultivated maize? How did they
change? What advantage do these traits have for humans? - Answers -The four traits of
teosinte that were improved in cultivated maize were small ear with few caryopsis, fruits
disperse easily, highly branched plant, and male flowers in tassel and near to female
flowers. The teosinte were able to change through selection.
How is corn processed to make nixtamal? - Answers -Whole corn > add alkaline
solution (calcium hydroxide, "lime") > cook > steep > wash and rub to remove seed coat
and alkali > nixtamal = hominy
Maize was a major carbohydrate source in the New World? What is a carbohydrate?
What are the other major carbohydrate sources in the New World? - Answers -A
carbohydrate is any of a large group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starch,
and cellulose. The other major carbohydrate sources in the New World are polenta and
amaranth.
Botanically speaking, what is the name of fruits of the Poaceae? - Answers -The name
of fruits in the Poaceae family are called caryopsis (achene with pericarp fused to seed
coat).
What traits are typically selected during domestication? - Answers -The traits that are
typically selected during domestication are seed retention, increased fruit size, altered
secondary metabolite content, increased production/ size of desirable organs, and
increased sugar production.
, Why is Pellagra called the Disease of 4 Ds? - Answers -Pellagra is called the Disease of
4 Ds because it causes one to have a scaly, itching rash, which is dermatitis and this
will lead to digestive problems. The disease will increase to dementia and if it left
untreated then it will lead to a coma and death.
Why did Europeans get pellagra and not Mexicans? - Answers -Europeans got pellagra
because maize was a primary part of their diet. Ismael Salas suggested pellagra was
correlated with maize consumption and that nixtamalization made a difference in this.
What deficiency causes Pellagra? Is it a macronutrient or a micronutrient? - Answers -
The deficiency that cause Pellagra is niacin deficiency. Niacin is a macronutrient.
What is a volatile chemical? Is it a liquid, solid or gas? Are glucosinolates volatile? -
Answers -A volatile chemical is a compound that has a high vapor pressure and low
water solubility. Volatile compounds are in their gas form at room temperature.
Glucosinolates are partially volatile. Glucosinolates breakdown products are volatile.
What are organoleptic properties of food? - Answers -Taste, Sight, Smell and Texture
How are taste and smell signals relayed to the "taste and smell" center of the brain? -
Answers -Most of "taste" is actually smell. Taste and smell signals are relayed to the
"taste and smell" center of the brain by the volatile via nasal passages, volatiles via
mouth and taste receptors on tongue that perceive chemicals.
Are taste and smell independent? - Answers -Ye
What are the five classes of taste buds? - Answers -The five classes of taste buds are
bitter, sweet, salty, sour, and umami.
What is a papillae? - Answers -Papillae are projections that contain the taste buds.
Where are taste buds located on the tongue? - Answers -underside and tip of tongue or
papillae
How do taste buds recognize a chemical? What do we mean when we say a "lock and
key" mechanism is used? - Answers -Chemicals that taste bitter, sour, salty, sweet, and
umami bind receptors in the taste buds. When we say a "lock and key" mechanism is
used it is an analogy that is similar to the enzyme function. Chemicals have different
shapes, sizes and chemicals composition and they "fit" into different receptors.
Are taste receptors localized to specific regions of the tongue? Or are they distributed
across the entire area of the tongue? - Answers -Distributed on entire tongue
What is umami? How was it discovered? - Answers -Umami means a pleasant savory
taste. In 1985, it was recognized as an official taste. It was described as a pleasant
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