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CMN 568 Pediatric Eye Disorders: Questions & Answers
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CMN 568 Pediatric Eye Disorders: Questions & Answers
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CMN 568 Pediatric Eye Disorders: Questions & AnswersMyopia Right Ans - nearsightedness. objects nearby are in focus, distant
objects are blurred. focus is anterior to retina. Need divergent lenses
Hyperopia Right Ans - farsightedness. Infants have a hyperoptic reaction
that diminshes in toddler years. Can lead to crossed eyed (esotropia) and
amblyopia (loss of vision)
Astigmatism Right Ans - Cornea or lens is not perfectly spherical, the image
will be in 2 planes. can lead to decreased vision
Aniscoria Right Ans - Size difference between 2 pupils.
Ocular Foreign Body Right Ans - Need Magnification with a sllit lamp. Can
disloadge with Saline solution or cotton applicator after topical anesthetic is
applied. Penetrating injuries are an eye emergency and require referal ASAP!
Corneal Abrasion Right Ans - Loss of superficial layer of corneal cells.
Causes severe pain and tearing, eyelid edema, eye redness, etc. applied
fluorescein dye, abrasion will turn bright yellow. give erythromycin ointment.
(FYI corneal ulcer is treated the same way. need urgert referal!)
Blunt Orbital Trauma Right Ans - "black eye". may result in orbit fracture.
recommand cold compresses. Children typically present with a "white-eyed
blowout fracture" or greenstick fracture of the orbit. monitor for orbital
compartment syndrome. this is an emergency and requires lateral eyelid
canthotomy to relieve eye swelling.
Lacerations of the eye Right Ans - at risk for lacrimal system injury and
chronic tearing. need repair in OR
Burns of the eye Right Ans - can result in permanent vision loss and
scaring. need immediate referal. Irrigate eye, remove percipitates, topical ABX,
and eye patching.
Hyphema Right Ans - Layer of blood within the anterior chamber. May be
microscopic or fill the entire chamber. From blunt trauma or a ruptured
vessel. shield should be placed over eye, elevate head, and refer!
, Abusive Head Trauma Right Ans - retinal hemorrhages, lid ecchymosis,
subconjuctional hemorrhage, hyperema, retinal folds, retinoschisis, optic
nerve edema. REFER! (FYI simple retinal hemorrhages can be normal in
healthy newborns and usually due to vaginal delivery. will resolve within 1
month)
Blepharitis Right Ans - From inflammation of eyelid, gland obstruction, and
bacterial overgrowth. Treat with warm compresses, clean with baby shampoo,
and erythmycin ointment
Chalazion Right Ans - obstruction of meibomian gland. Leads to
inflammation, fibrosis, and granuloma fromation. presents as eyelid nodule
with localized redness. treatment same as Blepharitis
Hordeolum Right Ans - "Sty" Staph infection of Zeis gland. treat with warm
compresses
Eyelid Ptosis Right Ans - droopy upper eyelid. from defective levator
muscle. need surgery
Horner Syndrome Right Ans - Caused by and abnormality or lesion to the
sympathetic chain. Usually from birth trauma or cardiac sx, brainstem
malformation, or neuroblastoma. presents with unequal pupils, different color
eyes, and eyelid pitosis. vision is usually intact. treat underlying condition
Dacrocyctitis Right Ans - infection of the nasolacrimal sac resulting in
redness and edema of the nasolacrimal sac. can be congenital or aquired.
presents with tearing and mucoid discharge of affected eye. need to massage
nasolacrimal sac and cleanse lid. May need sx and ABX.
Ophthalmia Neonatorum Right Ans - Conjuctivitis of the newborn. can be
caused by inflammation resulting from silver nitrate prophylaxis, but most
liking from bacteria infection. Chlamydia is most common, but Goorrhoea
causes blindness. give erythromycin ointment and systemic ABX. parent
should be treated also.
Bacterial Conjunctivitis Right Ans - Usualy Haemophilus species, S.
pneumonia, M. cat or S. aureus. May be associated with URI, purulent
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