NUR 229 FINAL Questions| With Complete
Solutions well written and explained (
verified 100% ) graded A+
What is the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-autoimmune destruction of the
beta cells within the islets of Langerhans in the
pancreas
What is the result of the beta cell destruction in type
1 diabetes? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔--pancreas not able to
make insulin
-decreased insulin production, increased glucose
production (no insulin can't take glucose out of blood
and into cells to use for energy)
Where is glucose stored in someone with type 1
diabetes? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-glucose can't be
stored in the liver so it remains in the blood stream
What leads to glycosuria in type 1 diabetes? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Kidneys can't reabsorb glucose
which leads to glycosuria
,What are ketone bodies and how are they formed? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Ketone bodies are a highly acidic
substance formed when liver breaks down free fatty
acids since there is no insulin
ONLY FOUND IN TYPE 1 DIABETES
Type 1 accounts for what percentage of those with
diabetes? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-About 5-10%
What is the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Insulin resistance - decreased
tissue sensitivity to insulin
(Cells fail to respond appropriately to insulin - there
is insulin formed but it is less effective in the body)
What is the biggest factor in developing DM2? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Obesity
Risk factors for diabetes - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-- type 1
<30
- type 2 >30
- Hx of gestational diabetes or delivery of baby >9
Ibs
- HTN
- 1st degree family Hx of diabetes
- African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native
Americans, Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders
,Clinical manifestations of diabetes primarily depends
on what? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-The patients level of
hyperglycemia
What are the "three Ps" of clinical manifestations in
diabetes? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Polyuria (excess
urine), polydipsia (excess thirst), polyphagia (excess
eating)
Other clinical manifestations of diabetes? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Fatigue, weakness, vision
changes, tingling or numbness in hands or feet, dry
skin, skin lesions or wounds that are slow to heal,
recurrent infections (vaginal in women), blurred
vision (if blood sugar really high), irritability
Sudden weight loss and dehydration may be a
clinical manifestation of what? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
Type 1 diabetes
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes are ________, while
symptoms of type 2 diabetes usually _______ -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Acute (short/sudden); take longer
, Effects of exercise with diabetes - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
- lowers blood sugar by decreasing insulin
resistance and need for insulin
- good even if no weight loss
- aids in weight loss, easing stress, and maintaining
a feeling of well-being
- lowers cardiovascular risk
(Chart 46-4 p. 1497)
What patient education is needed for insulin self-
management? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-- use and action
of insulin
- symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
- blood glucose monitoring
- self-injection of insulin (have them demonstrate)
- insulin pump use
- safety!!!!! rotate injection sites, disposal of sharps,
how to clean site before injection
- storage
Strategies for safe storage of insulin -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔--avoid extreme temps
-vials not in use should be refrigerated
-vials in use can be kept at room temp if used within
30 days
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