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PA Family Medicine EOR questions and answers rated A+ 2024/2025
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PA Family Medicine EOR questions and answers rated A+ 2024/2025
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PA Family Medicine EORDeteriorating intellectual repute/unconscious affected person
ABC's
IOM's - ANS*A*irway safety
*B*reathing
*C*irculation
*I*V access
*O*2 saturation
*M*onitor vitals
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - ANS↓ PaO2 and ↑ PaCO2 from fluid collapsing the
*alveoli*
MCC: 6-72 hrs s/p *Sepsis*
Associated w/ Renal & Hepatic failure
↓ BP or surprise w/ crackles, rales, wheezing
Tx: Mechanical Vent w/ *PEEP*
Anaphylaxis (Type 1 Hypersensitivity) - ANSUpper airway obstruction
Urticaria
Bronchospasm
Hypotension
Cardiovascular Collapse
Tx: Epinephrine + O2 + IVF
Cardiac failure/arrest - ANSCPR: 100-120bpm
Bag-Valve: 10 respirations/min, Consider superior airway
Rx: EPI 1mg Q three-5min, Amiodarone 300mg then 150mg
Reversible causes of cardiac arrest
*H's & T's* - ANS*H*ypovolemia
*H*ypoxia
*H*ydrogen ion (acidosis)
*H*ypo-hyperkalemia
*H*ypothermia
*T*ension pneumo
*T*amponade (aerobic)
*T*oxins
*T*hrombosis (pulm)
,*T*hrombosis (aerobic)
Hypertensive Crisis v. Urgency v. Emergency - ANSCrisis: Systolic BP >180mmHg or Diastolic
BP >130mmHg
Urgency: Severely improved BP w/o evidence of quit-organ harm
Emergency: HTN w/ acute quit-organ harm
Encephalopathy, Stroke, Aortic dissection, MI, Acute renal failure
Hypertensive Emergency - ANSBP > one hundred eighty/one hundred thirty with proof of organ
harm
Tx: IV *Labetalol or Nicardipine* to ↓ MAP via 25% in 1st hour then normalize BP over
subsequent 8-24hrs
CAUTION: Organ Ischemia w/ ↓ in MAP
Placentae previa - ANS*Painless vaginal bleeding*
<30 weeks = ↑ risk of transfusion need, ↑ risk of preterm/perinatal mortality
Tx: C-sec
>30 weeks = precise diagnosis
Foreign body aspiration - ANSMC: Rt major bronchus
Dx: CXR - unilateral emphysema if in trachea
Tx: Rigid bronchoscopy
Myocardial infarction - ANSChest strain & *dyspnea* at relaxation and worsening over >30min
Confusion, syncope, vertigo, diaphoresis
ST- segment Elevation on EKG
Elevated troponin
Tx of MI - ANSMorphine
O2
Nitrates
Aspirin & Clopidigrel - ↓ morbidity/mortality
BBs > ACEI > CCBs > Statins > Heparin
Appendicitis - ANSPeriumbilical, colicky pain → RLQ *McBurney's factor*
Rebound Tenderness, Psoas, Rovsing
Loss of urge for food
Nauea/Vomiting/Fever
MCC: Fecolith
,Dx: US or CT
Tx: Appendectomy + Abx
Jefferson (C1) Fracture - ANSBurst fracture of C1 thru axial load (football participant/diver)
Unstable: immobilize c spine
C-backbone Xrays: AP, Lateral, Oblique, Odontoid
Pulmonary embolus - ANSSudden onset of SOB, CP, *Tachycardia*
EKG: Nonspecific ST changes, Right coronary heart stress, S1Q3T3
CKR: Westermark's sign
Dx: CT Pulmonary Angiogram
Tx: Anticoags > thrombolytics > embolectomy
Pneumothorax - ANSDecreased breath sounds- unilateral
Sharp chest ache, worse w/ deep breaths or coughs
Xray indicates air outdoor lung
Tx: *1st line*: 14ga. Needle decompression 2d ICS MCL
2d line: Chest tube ICS MCL
Types of Pneumothoraces
A. Tall thin men 20-forty
B. Complication of underlying lung sickness
C. Stab wound, Gun Shot, or MVA w/ direct blow to chest
D. Pleural Edema or Anascara and ↑ thoracic stress - ANSA. Spontaneous Pneumo
B. Secondary Spontaneous Pneumo
C. Traumatic Pneumo
D. Tension Pneumo
Black Widow Spider chunk - ANSPinprick spider-chunk
Acetylcholine-Induced Myalgias
Severe cramping of chest & abdomen
Tx: Opioids + *Benzo's* > Latrodectus Antivenom
Brown Recluse Spider Bite - ANSCytotoxin
Local tissue destruction & necrosis
Tx: wound care
Hydrocarbon Pneumonitis - ANSIngestion of furniture polish
Mild CNS melancholy
Aspiration = coughing
Dx: *CXR* & pulmonology seek advice from = diffuse b/l inflitrates
May result in ARDS
, Ethylene glycol ingestion (antifreeze) - ANSOsmolal gap
Anion-Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Acute renal failure (ATN)
*Calcium Oxalate* in urine
Hypocalcemia
Tx: Fomepizole or Ethanol
Salicylate toxicity - ANSASA, Wintergreen, Pepto-Bismol
Respiratory Alkalosis (early)
GAP metabolic acidosis (late)
Hypoglycemia
*Tinnitus*
Tx:
Activated Charcoal (if <1hr from ingestion)
Urinary alkalinization w/ *Sodium Bicarb*
IV K+
Hemodialysis
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning - ANSHA, Nausea, Dizziness
Cherry-red skin
↑ Carboxyhemoglobin levels
Tx: a hundred% O2, Hyperbaric
Mild Intermittent Asthma - ANSSymptoms: < 2x/wk
Night Sxs: < 2x/mo
FEV: > 80% prediciton
Tx: No each day meds
Mild Persistent Asthma - ANSSymptoms: >2x/wk but <1x/d
Night Sxs: >2x/mo
FEV: >80% prediction
Tx: *Low-dose ICS* > Cromolyn, leukotriene (S/E: ↑ mucous manufacturing)
Moderate Persisitent Asthma - ANSSymptoms: Daily Sxs + Daily use of B2-agonist
Night Sxs: >1x/wk
FEV: 60-80% prediction
Tx: *Low-Med dose ICS + Long-performing B2-agonist*
Severe Persistent Asthma - ANSSymptoms: Continuous w/ impaired physical pastime
Night Sxs: Frequent
FEV: <60%
Tx: High-dose ICS + Long-appearing B2-agonist + oral steroid (<60mg/d)
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