DXI – midterm Questions and Answers
Any lateral curvature greater than ____ degrees in the ____ plane is considered scoliosis
10; coronal
the most common curve is to the ____ .
right
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DXI – midterm Questions and Answers
Any lateral curvature greater than ____ degrees in the ____ plane is considered
scoliosis - answer 10; coronal
the most common curve is to the ____ . - answer right
define structural scoliosis - answer lateral curvature of the spine that fails to correct
on lateral bending
what are the different types of structural scoliosis? - answer idiopathic, congenital,
neuromuscular, and neurofibromatosis
what is the most common type of structural scoliosis? what %? - answer idiopathic
(80%)
idiopathic:
a. etiology
b. curvature
c. types - answer a. unknown etiology
b. majority of thoracic curves are to the right, but if the curve is to the left than there is a
higher incidence of underlying pathology
c. infantile - (birth - 3 yrs)
juvenile (3-10 years of age), adolescent (10+)
What is the most common type of idiopathic scoliosis? - answer adolescent
which type of idiopathic scoliosis is more prevalent in females by a 4:1 ratio? 9:1? -
answer 4:1, juvenile
9:1, adolescent
when is idiopathic scoliosis usually a left thoracic curvature? - answer when it is
progressive in infantile scoliosis
which type of idiopathic scoliosis is most rare in the US? - answer infantile
what is the most common curvature in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? what ages are
the most critical time for most rapid progression? - answer right thoracic curvature
12-16
what is the Hueter-volkmann principle? what type of scoliosis is this most commonly
associated with? - answer with greater curvatures, wedge deformities of the vertebral
bodies may occur within the apex of the curve on the concave side which impairs
growth
, -the wedge deformities persist into adult life
what is congenital scoliosis? what are some examples? - answer caused by
anomalies of the vertebrae or ribs
ex: hemivertebrae, congenital blocked segments, spina bifida, and rib synostosis
what other disfunctions are very common to accompany congenital scoliosis? - answer
genitourinary abnormalities or anomalies
what is the most common neuropathy associated with neuromuscular scoliosis? -
answer poliomyelitis
what is the common appearance of neuromuscular scoliosis? - answer a long C
shaped curve extending from the sacrum to the upper cervical region
when is scoliosis suspicious for an underlying intraspinal pathology? - answer when
the curvature is 15 degrees or higher before the age of 11
or if it is a left sided thoracic curvature
what is the cause and shape of myopathic scoliosis? - answer long C shaped curve
-most common cause is muscular distrophy
what is neurofibromatosis? - answer genetic disorder that causes tumors to form on
nerve endings
what is the most common bony abnormality? - answer scoliosis, present in 10-50%
of patients
what is not structural scoliosis? - answer spinal curvatures that have no structural
alterations, correct on lateral bending
what would unequal leg length and antalgic posture most likely be associated with? -
answer nonstructural scoliosis
define mensuration - answer measurement of the spinal curvature
how is cobbs method done? - answer on AP radiographs. line is drawn from superior
endplate of the superior vertebrate and another line is drawn along the inferior endplate
of the inferior vertebrae
perpendicular lines are drawn from each end plate line and the angle measurement is
taken at the vertical intersection of these lines
how would you do cobbs method if the end plates are not optimally visualized? - answer
the superior or inferior surfaces of the pedicles can be used
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