WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM (ACTUAL EXAM) QUESTIONS WITH
VERY ELABORATED ANSWERS CORRECTRY
WELL ORGANIZED LATEST 2024 – 2025
ALREADY GRADED A+
Differentiate between Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity - ANSWERS-
Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens. It is general
and non-specific, which means it does not differentiate between types of
pathogens. Adaptive immunity is a type of immunity that is built up as we are
exposed to diseases or get vaccinated.
Describe how and why our injury response results in the signs of redness,
swelling, heat, and pain? Be sure to use chemokines, histamine, and vasodilation
in your response. - ANSWERS-Our body first releases cytokines which produce
inflammatory cells or chemokines directly to the affected area to stimulate
healing. Vasodilation occurs simultaneously to facilitate quicker and easier
movement of inflammatory cells to the area.
Describe how to determine the probability of clinical outcomes given information
about the parents (eg two heterozygous carriers of sickle cell disease) - ANSWERS-
in two heterozygous (two different gene sets) carriers (one dominant and one
,recessive gene) creates a 50% chance outcome of offspring having sickle cell
disease
Describe how calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, and calcitriol (Vitamin D) work
together to maintain normal blood calcium levels. - ANSWERS-calcitonin and PTH
work oppositely to balance calcium. the three work together to shift calcium into
bones, organs and blood
Describe the function of osteocytes within lacunae of bone - ANSWERS-
Osteocytes maintain bone mass through anabolic activities; they promote bone
repair through recruitment of osteoclast mediated turnover
Describe bone remodeling. Which cells are involved in this process and what is
their function? - ANSWERS-osteoclasts destroy old, degenerative cells to make
room for new ones. osteoblasts build new bone cells. osteocytes facilitate this
process and help retain calcium for bone strength and health.
Describe the process of articular degeneration. Which cells are involved in this
process and what is their function? - ANSWERS-articular degeneration is also
known as osteoarthritis. macrophages are the primary cell involved, and they
induce inflammation.
How does denosumab treat osteoporosis? - ANSWERS-Denosumab is an antibody
that slows down the natural rate your bones are broken down. It works by
blocking a protein and suppressing the cells that break down bone.
, How does compartment syndrome develop? Which part of our body tends to
develop compartment syndrome? How do patients typically recognize they may
need to seek medical assistance for rhabdomyolysis? What is the most sensitive
laboratory test for rhabdomyolosis? - ANSWERS-Compartment syndrome occurs
when blood flow is restricted to area for an extended period of time. It usually
develops in extremities. Patients recognize rhabdo by new muscle pain and
decreased urinary output, and is detected by creatine kinase in the blood.
What is a pulmonary embolism? What is a fat embolism? When might a patient
develop a pulmonary embolism? When might a patient develop a fat embolism?
How are they treated? - ANSWERS-Pulmonary embolism is when a blood clot is
lodge in a pulmonary artery, usually caused by a traveling clot getting lodged. A
fat embolism is when a clot of fat cells disrupts blood flow, usually after a bone
fracture. PEs are treated with anticoagulants to thin the blood, while there is no
specific treatment for FEs.
Describe Albinism. What portions of the body are negatively affected by
Albinism? - ANSWERS-It is an alteration in a gene that has decreased pigment to
skin, hair, and eyes.
Describe how retinal detachment leads to vision loss. - ANSWERS-The areas
where the retina detaches lose their blood supply and stop working, causing you
to lose vision.
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. -
ANSWERS-(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS - ANSWERS-Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller NurseLNJ. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
