NUTR 331 Nutrition for Health study ahead
solution complete course all you need to know
Athabasca University
,Nutrition - --Study of nutrients and other biologically active compounds in foods and in the
body; also human behaviours related to food
Nutrients - --Components of food that are indispensable to the bodies functioning. Provide
energy, serve as building material, support growth, maintain or repair body parts.
Essential Nutrients - --Must be provided directly from food
6 Major classes of nutrients - --Carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals, water
Chronic Diseases - --Long-duration degenerative diseases characterized by deterioration of the
bodies organs. EX: heart disease, cancer, diabetes.
Vitamins and minerals aid the body in - --Digesting food, moving muscles, disposing wastes,
growing new tissues, healing wounds, obtaining energy from macros
Non-nutrients - --Compounds other than the 6 nutrients present in foods
Phytochemicals - --Naturally occuring compounds found in plants, (colour, taste)
Element diets - --Purified ingredients, intended to supply all essential nutrients to people who
cannot eat food EX: tube feeding
,Assessment of nutritional status - --- History
- Anthropometric measures
- Physical examination
- Laboratory tests
Assessment of nutritional status: History - --Diet, medical history, socioeconomic (finances,
education ) and diet-related conditions. EX: alcoholism, anorexia, cancer, drug addiction)
Anthropometric measures - --Physical characteristics of the body, such as height and weight.
Physical Examination - --Various parts of the body inspected. Hair, eyes, skin, tongue,
fingernails. Can provide evidence of deficiencies, imbalances and toxicity status
Laboratory Tests - --Samples of bodily fluids, such as blood or urine and analyze them in a lab.
Biochemical abnormalities occur long before clinical or physical symptoms appear. Do not
indicate whether the cause is primary or secondary deficiencies
Primary and secondary deficiencies - --Inadequate dietary intake
Inefficient absorptions and excessive exertion
Collecting diet information (4 methods) - --- Diet history
- Food diary
- Twenty four hour recall
- Food frequency
, Food composition databases - --Lists average nutrient composition of foods. Content influenced
by:
- Variety or strain of food
- Geographic location and season of production
- Mineral content of soil
- Stage of maturity at harvest
- Method of processing
- Method and length of time of storage
- Method of cooking
Limitations of Food Composition tables - --- Several nutrients are not included (eg. fatty acids
and trace minerals)
- Not all foods have been tested for all nutrients
- Nutrient data is a approximation
- Not always completely absorbed by body
- Mixed dishes vary widely in nutrient composition
To reduce changes by random chance in intervention studies, researchers apply - --- Large test
groups ( 30 or more people)
- Randomly placed in groups
- Two groups compared at start and finish
Intervention studied without control group is called - --Uncontrolled - Much less reliable
Clinical trial ( Randomized control trials) - --Studies carried out on healthy subjects with an aim
of preventing disease, or sick people to test treatment
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