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CHEM 210 BIOCHEM FINAL EXAM YEAR 2024/2025 / ACCURATE CURRENTLY TESTING EXAM VERSIONS WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS WITH A STUDY GUIDE / EXPORT VERIFIED FOR GURANTEED PASS / LATEST UPDATE.$24.49
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CHEM 210 BIOCHEM FINAL EXAM YEAR 2024/2025 / ACCURATE CURRENTLY TESTING EXAM VERSIONS WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS WITH A STUDY GUIDE / EXPORT VERIFIED FOR GURANTEED PASS / LATEST UPDATE.
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Course
CHEM 210 BIOCHEM
Institution
CHEM 210 BIOCHEM
CHEM 210 BIOCHEM FINAL EXAM YEAR 2024/2025 /
ACCURATE CURRENTLY TESTING EXAM VERSIONS WITH
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS WITH A
STUDY GUIDE / EXPORT VERIFIED FOR GURANTEED PASS /
LATEST UPDATE.
CHEM 210 BIOCHEM FINAL EXAM YEAR 2024/2025 /
ACCURATE CURRENTLY TESTING EXAM VERSIONS WITH
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS WITH A
STUDY GUIDE / EXPORT VERIFIED FOR GURANTEED PASS /
LATEST UPDATE.
Thermodynamic product - CORRECT ANSWER product that is more stable or lower in energy
rate determining step - CORRECT ANSWER step that requires the most energy (highest ΔG++)
ΔG++ rev - CORRECT ANSWER need enough energy to overcome ΔG++rev in order for rxn to
be reversible
- ΔG++rev = difference in energy between products and transition state of step trying to reverse
to
degrees of substitution - CORRECT ANSWER how many other groups are bonded to a carbon
that aren't hydrogen
-carbocation favors the more substituted carbon
-hydrogen favors the less substituted carbon
carbocation intermediate will always be - CORRECT ANSWER RDS
Steps of electrophilic addition -strong acid ( pKa <5) HCl & HBr commonly used - CORRECT
ANSWER 1. break bond to grab H on acid and move electrons from bond on acid to other atom
2. draw out carbocation and H intermediate (H on les substituted, + on more substituted)
3. add atom that accepted electrons from bond to carbocation
Steps of electrophilic addition -strong acid ( pKa <5) HCl & HBr commonly used IN WATER -
CORRECT ANSWER 0.5. break bond to grab H on acid and move electrons from bond on acid
to other atom, H goes to H3O+
,1. break bond to take H on H3O+
2. draw out carbocation and H intermediate (H on les substituted, + on more substituted)
3. add atom that accepted electrons from bond to carbocation
steps of electrophilic addition - weak acid - CORRECT ANSWER 1. if weak acid add proton to
it using catalyst
2. break bond to grab H on acid and move electrons from bond on acid to other atom
3. draw out carbocation and H intermediate
4. add another equivalent of weak acid and take electrons from it to form a bond with the base
5. this creates a protonated intermediate
6. reform your acid by adding another equivalent and taking a hydrogen off of the molecule you
just added to the base
7. makes base neutral and reforms acid
major and minor products in an EAR reaction - CORRECT ANSWER major is one where
hydrogen is on less substituted carbon
minor is where hydrogen is on more substituted
RESONANCE (more important than substitution)
-if resonance can create all closed shell atoms with carbocation or has a benzene ring that can
stabilize, basically any form of resonance that can stabilize the positive charge is more major
than the substitution rule)
can you do a EAR rxn on just a benzene ring? - CORRECT ANSWER no, cyclic array allows
for resonance everywhere it will not be a rxn
HNMR ( proton NMR ) - CORRECT ANSWER number of signals corresponds to different
types of H atoms in a molecule
- height of peaks corresponds to # of equivalent (different) protons
CNMR - CORRECT ANSWER # of signals corresponds to different types of C atoms in a
molecule
,stereoisomer - CORRECT ANSWER same connectivity but different compound
enantiomer - CORRECT ANSWER stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other but NOT
superimposable
all stereocenters inverted
R-> S
S->R
to be chiral MUST have an enantiomer
diastereomer - CORRECT ANSWER S,R->RR
SR->SS
stereocenter - CORRECT ANSWER central carbon atom is substituted with 4 different
substituents
# of stereoisomers possible - CORRECT ANSWER 2^n
n = # of stereocenter
sources of stereochemistry - CORRECT ANSWER alkenes, opp even rings, stereocenters
alkenes and opp even rings need - CORRECT ANSWER another stereocenter somewhere on the
molecule to be chiral
chiral - CORRECT ANSWER a molecule that cannot be superimposed onto its mirror image,
has stereocenters but no plane of symmetry
achiral - CORRECT ANSWER no stereocenters, or stereocenters but plane of symmetry making
it meso, or opp even ring is achiral also
, stereocenter configuration - CORRECT ANSWER S -> strange, left CCW
R -> right, CW
look at molecule as if 4 group is in the back if lowest priority group is in the back just look at
123 and use that configuration
if lowest priority group is not in the back look at 123 and then do configuration that is the
opposite
CIP rules to determine priority - CORRECT ANSWER 1) higher atomic number has higher
priority
2) if atoms are identical, move one atom further away until first different atom to show priority
3) treat multiple bonds as this
C=C : C-C, C-C
C=O : C-O, O-C
how many stereoisomers does THIS compound have? - CORRECT ANSWER (2^n)-1
meso compound - CORRECT ANSWER 2 identically substituted stereocenters that have a plane
of symmetry but opposite configs (R,S)
if different connectivity - CORRECT ANSWER structural isomer
oppositely substituted even sized rings - CORRECT ANSWER achiral b/c two substituents are
the same so no stereocenters
-achiral diastereomer, but no enantiomer, not meso
cis or trans (wedge wedge dash dash) (wedge dash dash wedge)
equatorial - CORRECT ANSWER equator (horizontal ish)
want larger substituents to be equatorial ( more stable)
axial - CORRECT ANSWER vertical
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