ECPI 2019. ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EXAM. CHAPTERS 1-3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWRTS GRADED A+
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK:
Effectors return conditions toward normal range.
- Called "negative" bc the response to the change moved the variable in opposite direction (negative) of the deviation from the set point.
- M...
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK: - answer Effectors return conditions toward normal range.
- Called "negative" bc the response to the change moved the variable in opposite
direction (negative) of the deviation from the set point.
- Most common type of homeostatic mechanism.
- Prevents sudden, severe changes in the body.
- Ex: negative feedback controls body temp., blood pressure, glucose level in the blood.
POSITIVE FEEDBACK: - answer Change/deviation is intensified - not reversed. Activity
of effector is increased initially, instead of decreasing.
- Uncommon in body / short-lived
- Produce unstable conditions that seem like they will not lead to homeostasis, but they
will.
- Ex: blood clotting and uterus contractions of childbirth.
ANATOMY: - answer Study of structure of the human body and its parts
- Derived from the Greek word "cutting up"
PHYSIOLOGY: - answer Study of functions of human body and its parts.
- Derived from the Greek word "relationship to nature"
-stasis: - answer Having a state of balance or stability.
Ex: homeostasis
Peri- - answer Around
Ex: pericardium (around the heart)
Hypo: - answer Low, under, beneath, down, or below normal
Ex: hypoglycemia - low blood sugar
Hyper: - answer High, beyond, excessive, or above normal
, Ex: hyperglycemia - high blood sugar
Epi: - answer Upon, on top of
Pariet: - answer A wall (of the body)
VISCERAL LAYER: - answer Inner layer which covers an organ
PARIETAL LAYER: - answer Outer layer which lines wall of cavity
MEMDIASTINUM: - answer Region between lungs in thoracic cavity, which contains
heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland.
CONTRALATERAL: - answer Opposite sides
IPSILATERAL: - answer Same side
HOMEOSTASIS: - answer Maintenance of a stable internal environment.
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION IN ORDER FROM MOST SIMPLE: - answer Subatomic
particles
Atoms
Molecules
Macromolecules
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES: - answer Protons, neutrons, electrons that make up cells
ATOM: - answering particles that make up chemicals (hydrogen, carbon)
MOLECULE: - answer Particles consisting of atoms joined together (water, glucose)
MACROMOLECULE: - answer Large particles consisting of molecules (DNA, protein)
ORGANELLE: - answer Functional part of a cell (mitochondrion, lysosome) - small
version of an organ
"little organ"
CELL: - answerBasic unit of structure and functions (muscle, nerve, or blood cell)
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