EOSC 114 Final Exam Prep exam with complete solutions
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Course
EOSC 114
Institution
EOSC 114
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the earth core
iron, nickel, oxygen
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the earth crust
oxygen, silicon, aluminum
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EOSC 114 Final Exam Prep exam with
complete solutions.
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the earth core - ANSWER- iron,
nickel, oxygen
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the earth crust - ANSWER- oxygen,
silicon, aluminum
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the ocean - ANSWER- oxygen,
hydrogen, chlorine
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the atmosphere - ANSWER- nitrogen,
oxygen, argon
how does density relate to stratification? - ANSWER- less-dense materials float
on top of denser materials
define fluid - ANSWER- a substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to
external pressure; a gas or a liquid
define viscosity - ANSWER- how thick a fluid is; measure of resistance to flow;
depends on temperature and chemical structure; high viscosity means that the
matter is thick and has a slow flow; low viscosity means that the matter is runny
and has a quick flow
compressibility - ANSWER- able to be squeezed or expanded so that the mass
fills less or more space; results in a change of density (mass/volume) of the
object, because of the volume change
define risk - ANSWER- probability that any given hazardous event might occur
(chance of potential loss)
, define potential energy (PE) - ANSWER- the work needed to raise an object of
mass (m) a distance (z) against the pull of gravity (g)
define kinetic energy (KE( - ANSWER- a moving object possesses kinetic energy
define sensible heat - ANSWER- heat energy we can sense or feel (or measure);
when we measure temperature we are measuring this; on an atomic level this is
really particle motion
define latent heat - ANSWER- "hidden" heat energy in chemical bonds between
atoms; sensible heat "stored" as latent heat during melting or boiling (or
sublimating); latent heat released as sensible heat when condensing or freezing
(or depositing); when liquid becomes gaseous heat is taken from surroundings;
when has becomes liquid heat is transferred/released to the surroundings
what are the result of an excess of energy? - ANSWER- disasters
what are plate tectonics controlled by? - ANSWER- composition, heat, and gravity
define crust - ANSWER- low density rock that rises above; continental crustal
rock is very different than the rock that comprises the oceanic crust
define mantle - ANSWER- thick, rocky layer, very similar to oceanic crustal rock
define lithosphere - ANSWER- solid outer layer of the earth; cool, solid exterior
shell, quite brittle, a little ductile
define asthenosphere - ANSWER- almost melting, still solid (less than 5%
melted), very ductile, NOT brittle
define ridge push - ANSWER- heating at the rift raises the ridge crest, gravity
pulls the elevated plates down and apart
describe divergent plate boundaries - ANSWER- the weakest, least time
deforming before brittle failure, smallest maximum earthquake size, very shallow
depth range, lots of little quakes, occur in mid-ocean ridges
describe convergent plate boundaries - ANSWER- the strongest, cool rock and in
compression, more time deforming before brittle failure, largest maximum
earthquake sizr
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