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CLEP Intro To Psychology Questions And Answers Latest Update 2024/2025
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CLEP Intro To Psychology Questions And Answers Latest Update 2024/2025
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CLEP Intro To Psychology Questions AndAnswers Latest Update 2024/2025
psychological science Answer: behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or
knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that
excites an organism or part to functional activity).
cognitive Answer: of or pertaining to the mental processes of perception, memory, judgment, and
reasoning, as contrasted with emotional and volitional processes
behavior Answer: the aggregate (sum or assemblage of many separate units; sum total) of
responses to internal and external stimuli.
biology Answer: the science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena, especially with
reference to origin, growth, reproduction, structure, and behavior.
humanistic Answer: It adopts a holistic approach to human existence through investigations of
meaning, values, freedom, tragedy, personal responsibility, human potential, spirituality, and self-
actualization
*Humanism - the denial of any power or moral value superior to that of humanity; the rejection of
religion in favour of a belief in the advancement of humanity by its own efforts
psychodynamic Answer: any clinical approach to personality, as Freud's, that sees personality as the
result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.
correlation Answer: a mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things
naturalistic observation Answer: observing subjects in their natural environment with no attempts
at intervention on the part of the researcher.
, participant observation Answer: technique of field research, used in anthropology and sociology, by
which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities
anthropology Answer: the science that deals with the origins, physical and cultural development,
biological characteristics, and social customs and beliefs of humankind.
sociology Answer: the science or study of the origin, development, organization, and functioning of
human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations, institutions, etc.
experimental research Answer: It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and
controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally, one or more variables are manipulated to
determine their effect on a dependent variable
case study Answer: a study of an individual unit, as a person, family, or social group, usually
emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment, especially in order to
compare a larger group to the individual unit.
Hermann Ebbinghaus Answer: the first person to study memory scientifically and systematically;
used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well
Hermann von Helmholtz Answer: (1821-1894) - Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic
approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines.
- Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of
conduction was not instantaneous
Focused on practical benefits of scientific research - not just to accumulate data.
William James Answer: founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in
our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology
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