100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Study guide $6.49   Add to cart

Other

Study guide

 2 views  0 purchase

Pharm medication

Preview 2 out of 13  pages

  • September 4, 2024
  • 13
  • 2024/2025
  • Other
  • Unknown
All documents for this subject (8)
avatar-seller
kasienapier
Unit 3 Summary


STUDY GUIDE for Exam 1
UNIT 1
Absorption
o The movement of the drug into the bloodstream after administration.
o About 80% of drugs are taken by mouth (drugs in solid form with disintegrate into small
particles and combine with a liquid to form a solution, this is a process known as
dissolution)
• Factors influencing
o Blood flow
o Pain
o Stress
o Hunger
o Fasting
o Food
o pH
• First pass effect
o After absorption of oral drugs from the GI tract, they pass from the intestinal lumen
to the liver via the portal vein. In the liver, some drugs are metabolized to an
inactive form and are excreted, thus reducing the amount of active drug available to
exert a pharmacologic effect.
• Bioavailability
o Percentage of administered drug available for activity
Drug Distribution
o The movement of the drug from the circulation to body tissues
• Factors influencing
1. Vascular Permeability and Permeability of cell membranes
2. Regional blood flow and pH
3. Cardiac output
4. Tissue perfusion
5. Ability of the drug to bind tissue and plasma proteins
6. The drugs lipid solubility
• Protein binding
o As drugs are distributed in the plasma, many bind with plasma proteins
§ Albumin
§ Lipoproteins
§ AGP
o Drugs that are more than 90% bound to protein are known as highly protein bound
drugs (Warfarin, Sertraline, Glyburide, Furosemide & Diazepam)
o Drugs that are less than 10%bound to protein are weakly protein bound drugs
(Gentamicin, Metformin, Metoprolol, Lisinopril)
o The portion of the drug bound to protein is inactive because it is not available to
interact with tissue receptors and therefore is unable to exert a pharmacologic
effect.

, Unit 3 Summary


• Labs to monitor
o Protein and Albumin levels
• Free drug
o Portion of the drug that remains unbound is free, active drug.
o Able to exit blood vessels and reach their site of action, causing a pharmacologic
response.
Drug Metabolism
o Process by which the body chemically changes drugs into a form that can be excreted.
o The liver is the primary site of Metabolism.
• Half-life
o The time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by half.
• Loading dose
o Used in the case of drugs with long half-lives (ex: Phenytoin)
o By giving a large initial dose (Loading Dose), that is significantly higher than
maintenance dosing, therapeutic effects can be obtained while a steady state is
reached.
Drug Excretion
o Elimination of drugs from the body
• Routes
o MAIN ROUTE is through the Kidneys
o Bile
o Lungs
o Saliva
o Sweat
o Breast Milk
• Labs to monitor
o Monitor Kidney Function
o BUN and Creatinine
o May run CMP’s and BMP’s to assess (eGFR) levels
Onset, peak, duration of meds
o Onset: The time it takes for a drug to reach the minimum effective concentration after
administration.
o Peak: When a drug reaches its highest concentration in the blood.
o Duration: The length of time the drug exerts a therapeutic effect.
Therapeutic drug monitoring
• Peak levels
o Highest plasma concentration of drug at a specific time and it indicates the rate
of drug absorption.
o If the peak is too low, effective concentration has not been reached.
o Oral drugs peak times are usually 2-3 hours after administration
o IV drugs peak time is usually 30-60 minutes after the infusion is complete
• Trough levels
o Lowest plasma concentration of a drug and it measures the rate at which the
drug is eliminated.

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller kasienapier. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $6.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

83637 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$6.49
  • (0)
  Add to cart