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PHCY220 - M1 Test With Complete Solution
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PHCY220 - M1 Test WithComplete Solution
The legislation - Answer Medicines act 1981
Medicines reguations 1984
Miuse of drugs act 1975
Miuse of drugs regulation 1977
Pathogenesis of a fever from infection - Answer It is a response to LPS which is an
endotoxin AKA exogenous pyrogen which stimulate the immune system to release
soluble mediators
Red flags of a fever - Answer Pale/mottled/ashen/blue colour of the skin
No response to social cues, does not wake if roused or does not stay awake, weak, high
pitched continuous cry for babies
Age below 3 months
Temperature above 38
Neck stiffness
Non blanching rash
Characteristics of bacteria that are selective drug targets - Answer Folate pathway
Bacterial cell wall
Folate pathway as a drug target for bacteria - Answer Humans get folic acid from diet
but bacteria make their own. We need folic acid to make DNA. This synthesising
pathway is only found in bacteria
What is empiric therapy - Answer Medical treatment or therapy based on experience
and more specifically therapy begun on the basis of a clinical educated guess in the
absence of complete or perfect information
MOA of trimethoprim - Answer Inhibits key enzyme in folate synthesis
Never used in pregnancy
MOA of quinolones - Answer Inhibit DNA gyrase in gram negative bacteria and inhibit
topoisomerase IV in gram positive bacteria
, MOA of tetracyclines - Answer Bind to 30S inhibit binding of aa-tRNA
Avoid in children and pregnancy
MOA of aminoglycosides - Answer Irreversible inhibition of 30S subunit
MOA of macrolides - Answer Reversible binding to 50S ribosomal subunit
MOA of glycopeptides - Answer Prevent addition of murein monomers to peptide chain
Bacteriostatic drugs - Answer Trimethoprim
Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Bactericidal drugs - Answer Quinolones
Aminoglycosides
Penicillins
Glycopeptides
Time dependent drug classes - Answer Beta lactamases - penicillins, monobactams,
cephalosporins and carbapenems
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Concentration dependent drug classes - Answer Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones
MOA of triazoles - Answer Inhibit microsomal CYP which then impairs ergosterol
synthesis that is the key component in plasma membrane of fungal cells
Avoid during pregnancy
MOA of amphotericin B - Answer Binds to ergosterol in the fungal membrane
Forms pores or channels which leads to increased permeability and leakage
MOA of echinocandins - Answer Inhibit synthesis of 1, 3 beta D glucans which decreases
structural integrity causing cell death
Fungistatic antifungals - Answer Triazoles
Fungicidal antifungals - Answer Echinocandins
Terbinafine
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