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A level Geography Paper 1 - Coastal systems and landscapes Questions And Answers Rated 100
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9/4/24, 9:59 PMA level Geography Paper 1 - Coastal systems and
landscapes
Jeremiah
Terms in this set (111)
What is a system? A set of interrelated components working together towards some kind of process.
Where matter and energy can be transferred from the system across and beyond the
What is an open system?
boundary into the surrounding environment.
These have transfers of energy both into and beyond the system boundary but not
What is a closed system?
transfer of matter
No interactions with anything outside the system boundary. No input or output of
What is an isolated system?
energy or matter
The balanced state of a system when it's inputs and outputs are equal. If one element
changes because of an external influence, this affects the internal equilibrium and
What is dynamic equilibrium?
affects other components of the system. By a process of feedback, the system adjusts
to the change and regains equilibrium.
Where the effects of an action are amplified or multiplied by subsequent or secondary
What is positive feedback?
knock-on effects.
What is negative feedback? Where the effects of an action are nullified by its subsequent knock-on effects.
-Backshore: Area between high water mark (HWM) and the landward limit of marine
activity. Changes normally take place here only during storm activity.
-Foreshore: Area lying between HWM and the low watermark (LWM). Most important to
What are the four coastal zones; explain marine processes in times that are not influenced by the storm.
each. -Inshore: Area between LWM and the point where the waves cease to have any
influence on the land beneath.
-Offshore: Area beyond the point where waves cease to impact upon the seabed and
in which activity is limited to depositions of sediments
A level Geography Paper 1 - Coastal systems and landscapes
1/11
, 9/4/24, 9:59 PM
Inputs:
- Energy from wind, waves, tides & sea currents
- Sediment from rivers, cliff erosion, wind, LSD
- Geology of the coastline
- Sea level change
Components:
-Erosional and depositional coastal landforms
Give the inputs, components and outputs in
Flows/transfers:
a coastal environment.
- Erosion
- Weathering
- Mass movement
-LSD
Outputs:
- Dissipation of wave energy
- Accumulation of sediment above the tidal limit
- Sediment removed beyond local sediment cells
- Prevailing wind direction: controls the direction waves approach the coastline +
direction of transport of material in the coastal zone
- Fetch: Distance of open water which a wind blows. Length of fetch helps determines
Explain wind as an input of energy in a magnitude + energy of waves reaching the coast
coastal system. - Frictional drag: Waves are created by transfer of energy from wind blowing over the
sea surface
- Wind can pick up + remove sediment from the coast - use it erode landforms
(abrasion)
- Waves are driven by wind
- Wave formation: The surface of sea exerts frictional drag on the lowest layer of the
Explain waves as an input of energy in a wind. Higher layers of the wind move faster over lower levels and fall forward, pushing
coastal system. down on the sea surface, creating a wave.
- As waves approach shallow water, friction with the seabed increases + base of wave
slows down --> wave increases in height + gradient (more steep)
- Low height (less than 1m)
- Long wavelength
- Low frequency = fewer than 10 a minute
What are constructive waves? - Low energy waves
- Beach gradient = flat
- Main process = deposition
- Stronger swash +weaker backwash
- High height (more than 1m)
- Short wavelength
- High frequency = more than 10 a minute
What are destructive waves? - High energy waves
- Beach gradient = steep
- Main process = erosion
- Stronger backwash + weaker swash
- The distortion (refraction) of wave fronts as they approach an irregular shaped
coastline, causing the waves to become increasingly parallel to the coastline.
What is wave refraction? - Wave height + steepness increases and wavelength decreases
- This causes energy to be concentrated at headlands (erosion) and dissipated in bays
(low-energy waves spill into bay --> deposition)
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