Chapter 5: Newton's Laws of Motion
1. Newton's First Law: An object will remain at rest or move in a straight line at constant speed
unless acted upon by a net external force (law of inertia).
2. Newton's Second Law: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force
acting...
1. Newton's First Law: An object will remain at rest or move in a straight line at constant speed
unless acted upon by a net external force (law of inertia).
2. Newton's Second Law: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force
acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass (F = ma).
3. Newton's Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
4. Applications: Problems involving friction, tension, and normal forces. Understanding how to
decompose forces into components and apply Newton’s laws to solve problems.
Chapter 6: Work and Energy
1. Work: Work is done when a force causes displacement. It is given by W=F⋅d⋅cos(θ)W = F \cdot
d \cdot \cos(\theta)W=F⋅d⋅cos(θ), where θ\thetaθ is the angle between the force and
displacement vectors.
2. Kinetic Energy: The energy of an object due to its motion, given by KE=12mv2KE =
\frac{1}{2}mv^2KE=21mv2.
3. Potential Energy: Energy stored due to an object's position or configuration. For gravity,
PE=mghPE = mghPE=mgh.
4. Work-Energy Theorem: The work done by all forces on an object equals the change in its kinetic
energy.
5. Conservation of Energy: In the absence of non-conservative forces, the total mechanical energy
(kinetic + potential) of a system remains constant.
Chapter 7: Momentum and Collisions
1. Momentum: Defined as p=mvp = mvp=mv, momentum is a vector quantity. The change in
momentum is equal to the impulse applied.
2. Impulse: The change in momentum is given by J=F⋅ΔtJ = F \cdot \Delta tJ=F⋅Δt. Impulse is also
equal to the change in momentum.
3. Conservation of Momentum: In an isolated system (no external forces), the total momentum
before and after a collision is constant.
4. Collisions:
o Elastic Collisions: Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
o Inelastic Collisions: Momentum is conserved, but kinetic energy is not. In perfectly
inelastic collisions, the colliding objects stick together after the collision.
Tips for Studying:
1. Understand Concepts: Make sure you understand the fundamental concepts rather than just
memorizing formulas.
2. Practice Problems: Work through a variety of problems to apply concepts and formulas. Pay
special attention to problems involving multiple steps or combining different concepts.
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