,TABLE OF CONTENTS:
x x
o Unit 1 Concepts of Health and Disease
x x x x x x
o Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Diseases
x x x x x x
o Unit 2 Cell Function and Growth
x x x x x x
o Chapter 2: Cell and Tissue Characteristics
x x x x x
o Chapter 3: Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death
x x x x x x
o Chapter 4: Genetic Control of Cell Function and Inheritance
x x x x x x x x
o Chapter 5: Genetic and Congenital Disorders
x x x x x
o Chapter 6: Neoplasia x x
o Unit 3 Disorders of Integrative Function
x x x x x
o Chapter 7: Stress and Adaptation
x x x x
o Chapter 8: Disorders of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
x x x x x x x x
o Unit 4 Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity
x x x x x
o Chapter 9: Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Wound Healing
x x x x x x x
o Chapter 10: Mechanisms of Infectious Disease
x x x x x
o Chapter 11: Innate and Adaptive Immunity
x x x x x
o Chapter 12: Disorders of the Immune Response, Including IV/AIDS
x x x x x x x x
o Unit 5 Disorders of Neural Functions
x x x x x
o Chapter 13: Organization and Control of Neural Function
x x x x x x x
o Chapter 14: Somatosensory Function, Pain, Headache, and Temperature
x x x x x x x
Regulation x
o Chapter 15: Disorders of Motor Function
x x x x x
o Chapter 16: Disorders of Brain Function
x x x x x
o Chapter 17: Sleep and Sleep-Wake Disorders
x x x x x
o Chapter 18: Disorders of Thought, Emotion, and Memory
x x x x x x x
o Unit 6 Disorders of Special Sensory Function
x x x x x x
o Chapter 19: Disorders of Visual Function
x x x x x
o Chapter 20: Disorders of Hearing and Vestibular Function
x x x x x x x
o Unit 7 Disorders of the Hematopoietic System
x x x x x x
o Chapter 21: Blood Cells and the Hematopoietic System
x x x x x x x
o Chapter 22: Disorder of Hemostasis
x x x x
o Chapter 23: Disorders of Red Blood Cells
x x x x x x
o Chapter 24: Disorders of White Blood Cells and Lymphoid Tissues
x x x x x x x x x
o Unit 8 Disorders of Cardiovascular Function
x x x x x
o Chapter 25: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular System
x x x x x x x x
o Chapter 26: Disorders of Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation
x x x x x x x x x
o Chapter 27: Disorders of Cardiac Function, and Heart Failure and
x x x x x x x x x
Circulatory Shock x x
o Chapter 28: Disorders of Cardiac Conduction and Rhythm
x x x x x x x x
o Unit 9 Disorders of Respiratory Function
x x x x x
o Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Respiratory System
x x x x x x x x
o Chapter 30: Respiratory Tract Infections, Neoplasms, and Childhood
x x x x x x x
Disorders x
o Chapter 31: Disorders of Ventilation and Gas Exchange
x x x x x x x
o Unit 10 Disorders of Renal Function
x x x x x
o Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Kidney
x x x x x x x
o Chapter 33: Disorders of Renal Function
x x x x x
o Chapter 34: Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease
x x x x x x x x
o Chapter 35: Disorders of the Bladder and Lower Urinary Tract
x x x x x x x x x x
o Unit 11 Disorders of Gastrointestinal Function
x x x x x
o Chapter 36: Structure and Function of the Gastrointestinal System
x x x x x x x x
, o Chapter 37: Disorders of Gastrointestinal Function
x x x x x
o Chapter 38: Disorders of Hepatobiliary and Exocrine Pancreas Function
x x x x x x x x
o Chapter 39: Alterations in Nutritional Status
x x x x x
o Unit 12
x x Disorders of Endocrine Function
x x x
o Chapter 40: Mechanisms of Endocrine Control
x x x x x
o Chapter 41: Disorders of Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism
x x x x x x x x x
o Unit 13
x x Disorders of Genitourinary and Reproductive Function
x x x x x
o Chapter 42: Structure and Function of the Make Genitourinary System
x x x x x x x x x
o Chapter 43: Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
x x x x x x x
o Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Female Reproductive System
x x x x x x x x x
o Chapter 45: Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
x x x x x x x
o Chapter 46: Sexually Transmitted Infections
x x x x
o Unit 14
x x Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function
x x x
o Chapter 47: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
x x x x x x x x
o Chapter 48: Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection,
x x x x x x x
xNeoplasms
o Chapter 49: Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function: Developmental and
x x x x x x x
xMetabolic Disorders, Activity Intolerance, and Fatigue
x x x x x
o Chapter 50: Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders
x x x x x x x x
o Unit 15
x x Disorders of Integumentary Function
x x x
o Chapter 51: Structure and Function of the Skin
x x x x x x x
o Chapter 52: Disorders of Skin Integrity and Function
x x x x x x x
,Porth’s Pathophysiology 11th Edition Norris Test Bank
x x x x x x
o Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Diseases x x x x x x
1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused
x x x x x x x x x x
on the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considered a
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
x x x x x x x x x x
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book
x x x x x x x x x x x
reviews and word games during social time
x x x x x x x
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care
x x x x x x x x x x x x
facilities x
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with x x x x x x x x
diabetes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home
x x x x x x x x x x
cookingclasses x x
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis
x x x x x x x x x x
sessions x
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children x x x x x x x x x
Ans: A, B, C, E
x x x x x
Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental, and
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.” Engaging in
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
book reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate
x x x x x x x x x x x
physical well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating
x x x x x x x x x x x x
physical well-being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is
x x x x x x x x x x x x
vitalin the prevention of disease and spread of germs.
x x x x x x x x x x
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
xvariety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
andHuman Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed,
x x x x x x x x x x x x
which would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
report?
x
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American
x x x x x x x x x x x x
descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of
x x x x x x x x x x
stress. x
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to
x x x x x x x x x x
hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment
x x x x x x x
regime. x
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
x x x x x x x x x x x
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
x x x x x x x x x x x x
health care facilities.
x x x
Ans: B x
Feedback:
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and
x x x x x x x x x x x
promoting health for all (which includes having good health care benefits); and
x x x x x x x x x x x x
promoting good health (which includes living in a clean community with good access
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
tohealth care). A client's noncompliance with treatments to control high cholesterol
x x x x x x x x x x x x
xlevelswithin the presence of a family history of CV disease does not meet the “attaining
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
,x lives free of preventable disease and premature death” determinant.
x x x x x x x x
,3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large,
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation
x x x x x x x x x x x
between diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause
x x x x x x x x x x x x
disease. Which of the following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of
x x x x x x x x x x x x
molecules that cause disease?
x x x x
A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of
x x x x x x x x x x x x
packed red blood cells
x x x x
B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from
x x x x x x x x x x
familial hypercholesterolemia
x x
C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen
x x x x x x x x x x
therapy and chest physiotherapy
x x x x
D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and
x x x x x x x x x x
is HIV positive.
x x x
Ans: D x
Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sickle
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
cell anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of the
x x x x x x x x x x x x
effects of abnormal molecules.
x x x x
4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
xnumber of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
followingaspects of clients' situations bN
x x esUt R
chSaI
raNctGerTizBe.
sC
paOthMogenesis rather than
x x x x x x x x
xetiology?
A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
x x x x x x x x x x
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
x x x x x x x x x x x
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
x x x x x x x x x x x
D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
x x x x x x x x x x x
Ans: B
x x
Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the
x x x x x x x x x x x x
increasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and
x x x x x x x x x x
xtraumatic injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
x x x x x x
,5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has
x x x x x x x x x x
arrived to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the
x x x x x x x x x x x x
patientverifies to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about coronary
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
artery disease?
x x
A) “All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks.”
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
B) “My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
French fries every day.”
x x x x
C) “Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it
x x x x x x x x x x x x
easy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.”
x x x x x x x x x x x
D) “If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
causing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
attack.” x
Ans: C x
Feedback:
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the
x x x x x x x x x x x
pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process
x x x x x x x x x x x x
froma fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
disease. Risk factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
lack of exercise.
x x x
6. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic
x x x x x x x x x x x x
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the
x x x x x x x x x x x x
client for the first time. WhichNU
x x ofRthSeIfN
x olGloTwBin.gCaO
spMects of the patient's current state of
x x x x x x x x x
health would be best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
x x x x x x x x x x x x
A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
x x x x x x x x
B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
x x x x x x x x x x x x
C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields
x x x x x x x x x x x
bilaterally. x
D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute.
x x x x x x
Ans: B
x x
Feedback:
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem,
x x x x x x x x x x
such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds,
x x x x x x x x x x x x
and respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of disease.
x x x x x x x x x x
,7. Which of the following situations would be classified as a complication of a disease or
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
outcome from the treatment regimen? Select all that apply.
x x x x x x x x x
A) Massive pulmonary emboli following diagnosis of new-onset atrial fibrillation
x x x x x x x x
B) Burning, intense incision pain following surgery to remove a portion of colon due
x x x x x x x x x x x x
to intestinal aganglionosis
x x x
C) Development of pulmonary fibrosis following treatment with bleomycin, an x x x x x x x x
antibiotic chemotherapy agent used in treatment of lymphoma
x x x x x x x x
D) Gradual deterioration in ability to walk unassisted for a patient diagnosed with
x x x x x x x x x x x
Parkinson disease
x x
E) Loss of short-term memory in a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease
x x x x x x x x x x
Ans: A, C
x x x
Feedback:
Development of pulmonary emboli and pulmonary fibrosis following chemotherapy are
x x x x x x x x x
both examples of a complication (adverse extensions of a disease or outcome from
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
treatment). It is normal to expect incisional pain following surgery. As Parkinson
x x x x x x x x x x x x
disease progresses, the inability to walk independently is expected. This is a normal
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
progression for people diagnosed with Parkinson's. Loss of short-term memory in a
x x x x x x x x x x x x
patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease is an expected finding.
x x x x x x x x x
8. Laboratory testing is ordered for a male patient during a clinic visit for a routine
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
follow-up assessment of hypertension. When interpreting lab values, the nurse
x x x x x x x x x x
knowsthat
x x
A) a normal value represenNtsUtR
x heStIesNt G
reTsuBl.
tsCthOaM
t fall within the bell curve.
x x x x x x x
B) if the lab result is above the 50% distribution, the result is considered elevated.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
C) all lab values are adjusted for gender and weight.
x x x x x x x x
D) if the result of a very sensitive test is negative, that does not mean the person is
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
disease free.
x x
Ans: A
x
Feedback:
What is termed a normal value for a laboratory test is established statistically from
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
results obtained from a selected sample of people. A normal value represents the test
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
results that fall within the bell curve or the 95% distribution. Some lab values (like
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
hemoglobin) are adjusted for gender, other comorbidities, or age. If the result of a very
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
sensitive test is negative, it tells us the person does not have the disease, and the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
diseasehas been ruled out or excluded.
x x x x x x x
, 9. The laboratory technologists are discussing a new blood test that helps establish a
x x x x x x x x x x x x
differential diagnosis between shortness of breath with a cardiac etiology and shortness
x x x x x x x x x x x x
of breath with a respiratory/pulmonary etiology. A positive result is purported to
x x x x x x x x x x x x
indicate a cardiac etiology. The marketers of the test report that 99.8% of patients who
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
have confirmed cardiac etiologies test positive in the test. However, 1.3% of patients
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
who do not have cardiac etiologies for their shortness of breath also test positive.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Whicho f the following statements best characterizes this blood test?
x x x x x x x x x x
A) Low validity; high reliability x x x
B) High sensitivity; low specificity x x x
C) High specificity; low reliability x x x
D) High sensitivity; low reliability x x x
Ans: B
x x
Feedback:
A large number of patients would receive the correct positive diagnosis (high
x x x x x x x x x x x
sensitivity), while a significant number would receive a false-positive diagnosis
x x x x x x x x x x
(lowspecificity). The information given does not indicate low reliability or low
x x x x x x x x x x x x
validity.
x
10. As part of a screening program for prostate cancer, men at a senior citizens' center are
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
having their blood levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measured. Which of the
x x x x x x x x x x x x
following statements would best characterize a high positive predictive value but a
x x x x x x x x x x x x
lownegative predictive value for this screening test?
x x x x x x x x
A) All of the men who had high PSA levels developed prostate cancer; several men
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
who had low PSA levelNsU
x alR
soSdIeN
veGloTpBe.
x dC
prOoM
state cancer. x x x x x x
B) All of the men who had low PSA levels were cancer-free; several men who had
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
high levels also remained free of prostate cancer.
x x x x x x x
C) Men who had low PSA levels also displayed false-positive results for prostate
x x x x x x x x x x x
cancer; men with high levels were often falsely diagnosed with prostate
x x x x x x x x x x x
cancer. x
D) The test displayed low sensitivity but high specificity.
x x x x x x x
Ans: A
x x
Feedback:
The test's inability to rule out cancer with a low PSA level indicates a low negative
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
predictive value. Answer B suggests a high negative predictive value, while answer
x x x x x x x x x x x x
Cindicates a low positive predictive value. High positive predictive value is
x x x x x x x x x x x x
associated with high sensitivity.
x x x x
, 11. A male international business traveler has returned from a trip to Indonesia. While there,
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
he hired a prostitute for companionship and engaged in unprotected sex on more than
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
one occasion. Unbeknownst to him, this prostitute harbored the hepatitis C virus. Upon
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
return to the United States, he exhibited no symptoms and returned to his usual
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
activities. During this period of no outward symptoms, the man would be classified as
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
being in
x x
A) the preclinical stage of disease. x x x x
B) remission and unlikely to develop hepatitis C. x x x x x x
C) the clinical disease stage of hepatitis C.
x x x x x x
D) the chronic phase of hepatitis C. x x x x x
Ans: A
x x
Feedback:
During the preclinical stage, the disease is not clinically evident but is destined to
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
progress to clinical disease.
x x x x
12. As of November 1, 2012, there were a total of 10 confirmed cases of Hantavirus
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
infection in people who were recent visitors (mid-June to end of August, 2012) to
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Yosemite National Park. Three visitors with confirmed cases died. Health officials
x x x x x x x x x x x
believe that 9 out of the 10 people with Hantavirus were exposed while staying in
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
CurryVillage in the Signature Tent Cabins. This is an example of
x x x x x x x x x x x x
A) what the anticipated mortality rate would be if a family of five were planningto
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
vacation in Yosemite National Park.
x x x x x
B) the prevalence of HantaNvU iruRsSoInN
eG
caTnBa.
x ntC
icO
ipMate if he or she is going to vacation in x x x x x x x x x x x x
Yosemite National Park.
x x x
C) the low rate of morbidity one can expect while traveling to Yosemite National
x x x x x x x x x x x x
Park. x
D) the incidence of people who are at risk for developing Hantavirus while staying in
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Yosemite National Park.
x x x
Ans: D x
Feedback:
The incidence reflects the number of new cases arising in a population at risk during a
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
specified time.
x x
