,1. Which of the following is the most common cause of acute
kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients?
A) Glomerulonephritis
B) Severe dehydration
C) Obstructive uropathy
D) Acute tubular necrosis
Correct Answer: D) Acute tubular necrosis
Rationale: Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the most
frequently identified cause of AKI in a hospital setting, typically
resulting from ischemia or nephrotoxicity.
2. In the context of heart failure, which compensatory mechanism
primarily aims to increase cardiac output?
A) Increased heart rate
B) Increased afterload
C) Decreased contractility
D) Decreased preload
, Rationale: To maintain cardiac output, the heart increases its
rate, which is a compensatory mechanism when cardiac output is
compromised.
3. Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with the
use of loop diuretics?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypercalcemia
C) Hypomagnesemia
D) Hypokalemia
Correct Answer: D) Hypokalemia
Rationale: Loop diuretics cause increased excretion of
potassium in the urine, leading to hypokalemia.
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