Test Bank
Foundations of Mental Health
Care8th Edition by Morrison-
Valfre
,Chapter 01: The History of Mental Health Care
“ “ “ “ “ “ “
MULTIPLE “CHOICE
1. The ―belief ―of ―the ―ancient ― Greek ―philosopher ―Plato ―that ―the ―rational
―soul ―controlled ―the ―irrational ―soulcould ―be ―compared ―with ―the
―belief ―of―the ―more ―recent ― psychological ―theorist:
a. Freud.
b. Pinel.
c. Fisher.
d. Rush.
ANS: ― A
Sigmund ―Freud ―believed ―that ―mental ―illness ―was, ―in ―part, ―caused ―by ―forces ―both ―within ―and
―outside ―the ―personality. ―Philippe ―Pinel ―advocated ―acceptance ―of ―mentally ―ill ―individuals ―as ―human
―beings ―in ―need ―of―medical ―assistance. ―Alice ―Fisher ―was ―a ―Florence ―Nightingale ―nurse ―who ―cared
―for ―the ―mentally ―ill, ―and ―Dr. ― Benjamin ―Rush ―was ―the ―author ―of ―the ―book ― Diseases “of “ the “Mind.
DIF: Cognitive ―Level: ―Comprehension OBJ: ― 2
TOP: ― Early ―Years ―of ―Mental ―Health KEY: ―Nursing ―Process ―Step:
―Assessment―MSC: ― Client ― Needs: ―Psychosocial ―Integrity
2. During ―the ―mid-1500s, ―behaviors ―associated ―with ―mental ―illness ―were ―more ―accurately
―recorded ―by―professionals. ―This ―practice ―led ―to _ ―for ―different ― abnormal ― behaviors.
a. classifications
b. diagnosing
c. treatment
d. education
ANS: ― A
Classification ―of ―abnormal ―behaviors ―did ―not ―begin ―until ―this ―time, ―after ―the ―practice ―of ―more
―accurate―recording ―of ―behaviors ―was ―begun. ―Diagnoses, ―treatment ―guidelines, ―and ―any ―education
―regarding ―mental ―health ―disorders ― were ― not ― available ―during ― this ― period.
DIF: Cognitive ―Level: ―Knowledge OBJ:
―3―TOP: ― Mental ―Illness ― During ―the ―Renaissance
KEY: ― Nursing ―Process ―Step: ―Assessment MSC: ― Client ―Needs: ―Psychosocial ―Integrity
,3. During ―the ―latter ―part ―of ―the ―18th ―century, ―psychiatry ―became ―a ―separate ―branch ―of
―medicine, ―and―inhumane ―treatment ― was ―greatly ―diminished ―by ―the ― French ―hospital ―director:
a.Dix.
b.Beers.
c.Pinel.
d.Carter.
ANS: ― C
Philippe ―Pinel ―advocated ―acceptance ―of ―the ―mentally ―ill, ―as ―well ―as ―proper ―treatment. ―Dorothea
―Dix―crusaded ―for ―construction ―of ―mental ―health ―hospitals. ―Clifford ―Beers ―wrote ―the ―book ―A “Mind
“That “Found “Itself. ―President ―Jimmy ―Carter ―established ―the ―President‘s ―Commission ―on ―Mental
―Health ―in―1978.
DIF: Cognitive ―Level: ―Knowledge OBJ: ― 4
TOP: ― Mental ―Illness ―in ―the ―18th ―Century KEY: ―Nursing ―Process ―Step:
―Assessment―MSC: ― Client ― Needs: ―Psychosocial ―Integrity
4. In ―1841, surveyed ―asylums, ―jails, ―and ―almshouses ―throughout ―the ―United
―States, ―Canada, ―and ―Scotland ―and ―is ―credited ―with ―bringing ―about ―public ―awareness ―and ―reform
―for ―the ―care ―of―the ―mentally ―ill.
a. Sigmund ―Freud
b. John ―Cade
c. Florence ―Nightingale
d. Dorothea ―Dix
ANS: ― D
Dorothea ―Dix ―spent ―20 ―years ―surveying ―facilities ―that ―housed ―mentally ―ill ―individuals ―and ―is
―credited―with ―major ―changes ―in ―the ―care ―of ―the ―mentally ―ill. ―Sigmund ―Freud ―introduced ―the
―concept ―of ―psychoanalysis, ―John ―Cade ―discovered ―lithium ―carbonate ―for ―the ―treatment ―of ―bipolar
―disorder, ―and ―Florence ―Nightingale ―trained ― nurses ― in ―England ― in ― the ―1800s.
DIF: Cognitive ―Level: ―Knowledge OBJ: ― 4
TOP: ― Mental ―Illness ―in ―the ―19th ―Century KEY: ―Nursing ―Process ―Step:
―Assessment―MSC: ― Client ― Needs: ―Psychosocial ―Integrity
5. As ―a ―direct ―result ―of ―Clifford ―Beers‘ ―work ―and ―book, ―A “Mind “That “Found “Itself, ―the
―Committee ―for―Mental ―Hygiene ―was ― formed ―in ―1909 ―with ―a ― focus ―on ―prevention ―of ―mental
―illness ―and:
a. early ―detection ―of ―symptoms ―of ―mental ―illness.
b. education ―of ―caregivers.
c. current ―treatment ―options.
d. removing ―the ―stigma ―attached ―to ―mental ―illness.
ANS: ― D
Clifford ―Beers‘ ―book ―reflected ―on ―his ―attempt ―at ―suicide ―followed ―by ―the ―deplorable ―care ―he
―received ― for―the ―next ―3 ―years ―in ―mental ―hospitals. ―Beers‘ ―work ―and ―book ―raised ―the ―consciousness
―of ―people ―throughout ―the ―country ―regarding ―prevention ―and ―removal ―of ―the ―stigma ―of ―having ―a
― mental ―illness.
Early ―detection ―of ―symptoms, ―education ―of ―caregivers, ―and ―current ―treatment ―options ―regarding
―mental―illness ―were ―not ―the ―focus ―of ―his ― book, ― nor ―were ―they ―a ―priority ―for ―the ―Committee ―for
―Mental ―Hygiene.
DIF: Cognitive ―Level: ―Knowledge OBJ: ― 4
, TOP: ― Mental ―Illness ―in ―the ―20th ―Century KEY: ―Nursing ―Process ―Step:
―Assessment―MSC: ― Client ― Needs: ―Psychosocial ―Integrity
6. During ―the ―1930s, ―what ―common ―treatment ―for ―schizophrenia ―caused ―clients ―to ―fall ―into ―a
―coma ―that―could ― last ― as ―long ―as ―50 ―hours?
a.Electroconvulsive ―therapy
b.Insulin ―therapy
c.Humoral ―therapy
d.Amphetamine ―therapy
ANS: ― B
Insulin ―therapy ―was ―believed ―to ―successfully ―treat ―schizophrenia ―in ―the ―early ―1900s.
―Amphetamines ―were ―used ―to ―treat ―depression, ―and ―electroconvulsive ―therapy ―was ―used ―for ―severe
―depression. ―Humoral―therapy, ―which ―originated ―in ―ancient ―Greece ―and ―Rome, ―was ―a ―belief ―that
―mental ―illness ―resulted ―from ―an ―imbalance ― of ―the ― humors ―of ―air, ― fire, ― water, ― and ― earth.
DIF: Cognitive ―Level: ―Knowledge OBJ: ― 5
―TOP: ― Influences ― of ―War ―on ―Mental ―Health
―Therapies
KEY: ― Nursing ―Process ―Step: ―Assessment MSC: ― Client ―Needs: ―Psychosocial ―Integrity
7. In ―the ―1930s, ―what ―mental ―health ―disorder ―was ―electroconvulsive ―therapy ―(ECT) ―most ―often
―used ―to―treat?
a. Schizophrenia
b. Bipolar ―disorder
c. Severe ―depression
d. Violent ―behavior
ANS: ― C
ECT ―was ―found ―to ―be ―an ―effective ―treatment ―for ―severe ―depression ―in ―the ―1930s. ―During ―this ―period,
―schizophrenia ―was ―treated ―with ―insulin ―therapy, ―and ―violent ―behavior ―was ―treated ―with ―a ―lobotomy.
―In―1949, ― lithium ―carbonate ― was ―discovered ―as ―a ―treatment ― for ― bipolar ― disorder.
DIF: Cognitive ―Level: ―Knowledge OBJ: ― 5
―TOP: ― Influences ― of ―War ―on ―Mental ―Health
―Therapies
KEY: ― Nursing ―Process ―Step: ―Assessment MSC: ― Client ―Needs: ―Psychosocial ―Integrity
8. In ―the ―early ―20th ―century, ―a ―frontal ―lobotomy ―was ―a ―common ―treatment ―for ―violent ―behaviors.
― Which―description ―of ―this ―procedure ―is ―accurate?
a. A ―procedure ―that ― delivers ―an ―electrical ―stimulus ―to ―the ―frontal ―lobes ―of ―the
― brain.
b. A ―surgical ―procedure ―that ― drills ―holes ―in ―the ―front ―of ―the ―skull ―to ―drain ―fluid.
c. A ―surgical ―procedure ―that ― severs ―the ―frontal ―lobes ―of ―the ―brain ―from ―the
― thalamus.
d. A ―surgical ―procedure ―that ― inserts ―implants ―into ―the ―frontal ―lobes ―of ―the ―brain.
ANS: ― C
A ―frontal ―lobotomy ―is ―a ―surgical ―procedure ―in ―which ―the ―frontal ―lobes ―of ―the ―brain ―are ―severed
―from ―the―thalamus.
DIF: Cognitive ―Level: ―Knowledge OBJ: ― 5
―TOP: ― Influences ― of ―War ―on ―Mental ―Health
―Therapies
KEY: ― Nursing ―Process ―Step: ―Assessment MSC: ― Client ―Needs: ―Psychosocial ―Integrity
