environment - answer-all of the surrounding things, conditions, and influences affecting the growth or development of living things.
environmental science - answer-interdisciplinary study of how humans interact with the environment
ecology - answer-the biological science that studies how orga...
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE ALL CHAPTERS EXAM AND ANSWERS
environment - answer-all of the surrounding things, conditions, and
influences affecting the growth or development of living things.
environmental science - answer-interdisciplinary study of how humans
interact with the environment
ecology - answer-the biological science that studies how organisms or living
things interact with their environment and with eachother
organism - answer-any individual living thing
species - answer-a group of organisms with distinctive traits and can produce
fertile offspring
ecosystem - answer-a set of organisms interacting with one another and with
their environment of nonliving matter and energy within a defined area/
volume
environmentalism - answer-a social movement dedicated to protecting the
earth's life-support systems and all forms of life. (practiced more in the
political field)
sustainability - answer-the ability of the earth's various natural systems and
human cultural systems and economies to survive and adapt to changing
environmental conditions indefinitely.
natural capital - answer-the natural resources and natural services that keep
us and other forms of life alive and support our economy.
natural resources - answer-materials and energy in nature that are essential
or useful to humans
natural services - answer-functions of natural, such as purification of air and
water, which support life and human economies.
nutrient cycling - answer-the circulation of chemicals necessary for life from
the environment (through organisms back to the environment)
solar capital - answer-energy from the sun
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environmentally sustainable society - answer-one that meets current and
future basic resource needs of its people in a equitable manner w/o
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their basic needs.
environmentally sustainable economic development - answer-using political
and economic systems to discourage environmentally harmful forms of
economic growth and encourage environmentally beneficial forms of
economic development.
ecological footprint - answer-the amount of biologically productive land and
water needed to supply the people in a particular area
pollution - answer-anything in the environment that is harmful to the health
survival or activities.
point sources - answer-single identifiable pollution sources
nonpoint sources - answer-dispersed and difficult pollution that is hard to
identify
population growth, wasteful resource use, poverty, exclusion of
environmental costs of recourse use from the market prices, and attempts to
manage nature with insufficient knowledge of how nature works - answer-5
major causes of environmental problems:
exponential growth - answer-growth in which some quantity increases at a
constant rate per unit of time
resource - answer-anything obtained from the environment to help human
needs
conservation - answer-careful use of natural resources
gross domestic product (GDP) - answer-the annual market value of all goods
and services produced by all firms and organizations, foreign and domestic,
operating within a country. Economic growth is measured by the percentage
of GDP.
per capita GDP - answer-the GDP divided by the total population at midyear.
used to measure changes in a country's economic growth per person.
purchasing power parity (PPP) - answer-used when comparing countries
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per capita GDP PPP - answer-measure of amount of goods and services that a
country's average citizen could by in the US.
perpetual resource - answer-can be renewed continuously and is expected to
last at least 6 billion years. (ex: sun/solar energy)
renewable resource - answer-any source that can be replenished quickly
through natural processes as long as it is not used up before it can be
renewed
sustainable yield - answer-highest rate at which a renewable resource can be
used indefinitely without reducing its available supply
environmental degradation - answer-when after exceeding the natural
replacement rate, the supply begins to shrink
private property, common property, and open access renewable resource -
answer-types of property/resource rights
tragedy of the commons - answer-when each user of a shared common
resource/open access renewable resource reasons that it won't matter in the
long run , the tendency of a shared, limited resource to become depleted
because people act from self-interest for short-term gain
nonrenewable resource - answer-a resource that can not be replenished
because of a fixed quantity or time.
reuse - answer-using a resource over and over in the same form
recycling - answer-collecting waste materials and processing them into new
materials
per capita ecological footprint - answer-average ecological footprint of an
individual in a given country or area.
ecological deficit - answer-when a total world or country's ecological footprint
is larger than its biological capacity to replenish its renewable resources and
absorb the resulting waster products/pollution
culture - answer-the whole of a society's knowledge, beliefs, technology, and
practices
homo sapiens - answer-what humans are classified as
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agricultural revolution, industrial/medical revolution, and
information/globalization revolution - answer-three major cultural changes
that have affected the environment
environmental/sustainability revolution - answer-environmental scientists
and other analysts call for us to bring about this
biodegradable pollutant - answer-harmful materials that can be broken down
by natural processes
nondegradable pollutant - answer-harmful materials that cannot be broken
down by natural processes
pollution cleanup/output pollution control - answer-a solution to pollution that
suggests diluting/cleaning pollutants after they have been produced
pollution prevention/input pollution control - answer-a solution to pollution
that suggests reducing and eliminating production of pollutants in the first
place.
environmental worldview - answer-set of assumptions and values reflecting
how you think the world works and what you think your role in the world
should be
environmental ethics - answer-our beliefs about what is right and wrong with
how we treat the enviroment
planetary management , stewardship, and environmental wisdom worldview
- answer-three major world views
social capital - answer-getting people with different views to come to a
solution to better the environment
seven - answer-# of steps in making an environmental decision
reliance on solar energy, biodiversity, nutrient cycling, population control -
answer-four major scientific principles of sustainability
interdisciplinary - answer-integrating the inputs from many different areas of
study.
planetary management worldview - answer-hold that we are separate from
nature and that we should use it to our benefit and meet our needs
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