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Exam study book Benson's Microbiological Applications Laboratory Manual of Heidi Smith, Alfred E. Brown, Ph.D. - ISBN: 9781260258981 (Microbiology)
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Test Bank For Benson's Microbiological Applications Laboratory Manual, 15th Edition by Heidi Smith, Alfred E. Brown All Chapters 1-44 With Part 1-14
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Test Bank For Microbiology: A Systems Approach 6th EditionBy Marjorie Kelly Cowan; Heidi Smith 9781260258998 Chapter
1-25 Complete Guide .
prokaryotes - ANSWER: beings cells with no true nucleus
prokaryotes - ANSWER: these have nuclear material that is not encased in a
membrane (the its DNA is packaged)
prokaryotes - ANSWER: these generally have a wall structure that is unique
compared to eukaryotes (the makeup of its cell wall)
prokaryotes - ANSWER: these dont have complex, membrane-bounded organelles in
their cytoplasm (its internal structures)
bacterial diseases - ANSWER: these include "strep" throat, lyme disease, and ear
infections
prokaryotes - ANSWER: the very first cells to appear on earth were a type of this,
possibly related to modern forms that live on sulfur compounds in geothermal ocean
vents
fimbriae - ANSWER: fine, hairlike bristles extending from the cell surface that help in
adhesion to other cells and surfaces
cell wall - ANSWER: a semirigid casing that provides structural support and shape for
the cell
inclusion/granule - ANSWER: stored nutrients such as fat, phosphate, or glycogen
deposited in dense crystals or particles that can be tapped into when needed
cell membrane - ANSWER: (cytoplasm) a thin sheet of lipid and protein that
surrounds the cytoplasm and controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell
pool
outer membrane - ANSWER: extra membrane similar to cell membrane but also
containing lipopolysaccharide. controls flow of materials, and portions of it are toxic
to mammals when released
endospore - ANSWER: dormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for
their survival in adverse conditions
cytoplasm - ANSWER: water-based solution filling the entire cell
, flagellum - ANSWER: specialized appendage attached to the cell by a basal body that
holds a long, rotating filament. the movement pushes the cell forward and provides
motility
actin cytoskeleton - ANSWER: long fibers of proteins that encircle the cell just inside
the cell membrane and contribute to the shape of the cell
ribosomes - ANSWER: tiny particles composed of protein and RNA that are the sites
of protein synthesis
plasmid - ANSWER: double-stranded DNA circle containing exta genes
pilus - ANSWER: an elongate, hollow appendage used in transfers of DNA to other
cells
bacterial chromosome - ANSWER: (nucleoid) composed of condensed DNA
molecules. DNA directs all genetics and heredity of the cell and codes for all proteins
glycocalyx - ANSWER: (pink coating) a coating of molecules external to the cell wall.
it serves protective, adhesiv, and receptor functions. it may fit tightly or be very
loose and diffuse
bacterial cells - ANSWER: all of these invariably have a cell membrane, cytoplasm,
ribosomes, and one (or few) chromosomes, the majority have a cell wal,
cytoskeleton, and some form of surface coating or glycocalyx
prokaryotes - ANSWER: specific structures that are found in some but not all of these
are flagella, pili, fimbriae, inclusions, endospores, and intracellular membranes
appendages - ANSWER: several discrete types of accessory structures that sprout
from the surface of bacteria, are common but are not present on all species
flagella and axial filaments - ANSWER: appendages that provide motility
fimbriae and pili - ANSWER: appendages that provide attachment points or channels
flagellum - ANSWER: appendage fo truly amazing construction, is certainly unique in
the biological world, primary function is to confer motility
motility - ANSWER: self-propulsion, the capacity of a cell to swim freely through an
aaqueous habitat
flagellum - ANSWER: three parts: filament, hook (sheath), basal body
filament - ANSWER: helical structure composed of proteins, is approximately 20
nanometers in diameter and varies from 1-70 microns in length
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