Solution Manual for Statistics for Nu
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Statistics for Nursing Rese
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,Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded
Measurement: Nominal, 1
Them questionsm arem inmboldmfollowedm bym answers.
1. InmTablem1,midentifymthemlevelmofmmeasurementmformthemcurrentmtherapymvariable.mProvidemamr
ationalemformyourmanswer.
Answer:mThemcurrentmtherapymvariablemwasmmeasuredmatmthemnominalmlevel.mThesemdrugmcatego
riesmweremprobablymdevelopedmtombemexhaustivemformthismstudymandmincludedmthemcategoriesmofmd
rugsmthemsubjectsmweremreceiving.mHowever,mthemcategoriesmaremnotmexclusive,msincempatientsmar
emusuallymonmmoremthanmonemcategorymofmthesemdrugsmtommanagemtheirmhealthmproblems.mThemcu
rrentmtherapiesmaremnotmmeasuredmatmthemordinalmlevelmbecausemtheymcannotmbemrankmordered,msinc
emnomdrugmcategorymcanmbemconsideredmmoremormlessmbeneficialmthanmanothermdrugmcategorym(se
emFigurem1-1;mGrovem&mGray,m2019).
2. Whatm ism them modem form them currentm therapym variablem inm thism study?m Providem am rationale
m formyourmanswer.
Answer:mThemmodemformcurrentmtherapymwasmβmblocker.mAmtotalmofm100m(94%)mofmthemcardiacmpatie
ntsmwerem receivingm thism categorym ofm drug,m whichm wasm them mostm commonm prescribedm drugm for
m thismsample.
3. WhatmstatisticsmweremconductedmtomdescribemthemBMImofmthemcardiacmpatientsminmthismsample?
mDiscussm whetherm thesem analysism techniquesm werem appropriatem orm inappropriate.
Answer:mBMImwasmdescribedmwithmammeanmandmstandardmdeviationm(SD).mBMImmeasurementmresulte
dm inmratio-
levelm datam withm continuousm valuesm andm anm absolutem zerom (Stonem &m Frazier,m 2017).m Ratio-
mlevelmdatamshouldmbemanalyzedmwithmparametricmstatisticsmsuchmasmthemmeanmandmSDm(Grovem&mGra
y,m2017;mKnapp,m2017).
4. Researchersmusedmthemfollowingmitemmtommeasuremregisteredmnurses’m(RNs)mincomeminmamstu
dy:mWhatmcategorymidentifiesmyourmcurrentmincomemasmanmRN?
a. Lessm thanm $50,000
b. $50,000m tom 59,999
c. $60,000m tom 69,999
d. $70,000mtom80,000
e. $80,000m orm greater
Whatmlevelmofmmeasurementmismthismincomem variable?m Doesmthemincomem variablem followmthe
mrulesmoutlinedm inm Figurem 1-1?m Providem am rationalem form yourm answer.
Answer:mInmthismexample,mthemincomemvariablemismmeasuredmatmthemordinalmlevel.mThemincomemcateg
o-
mriesm arem exhaustive,m rangingm fromm lessm thanm $50,000m tom greaterm thanm $80,000.m Them twom open-
ended
AGm 1-1
, AGm1-2 Answerm Guidelinesmform Questionsm tom Bem Graded
categoriesmensuremthatmallmsalarymlevelsmaremcovered.mThemcategoriesmaremnotmexclusive,msincemcatego
-
mriesm(d) mandm (e) m include m anm $80,000 m salary, msom studym participants m makingm $80,000 m mightm mar
kmeitherm(d)morm(e)mormbothmcategories,mresultingminmerroneousmdata.mCategorym(e)mcouldmbemcha
ngedm tomgreatermthanm$80,000,mmakingmthemcategoriesmexclusive.mThemcategoriesmcanmbemrankmo
rderedmfrommthemlowestmsalarymtomthemhighestmsalary,mwhichmismconsistentmwithmordinalmdatam(Gr
ovem&mGray,m2019;mWaltzmetmal.,m2017).
5. Whatm levelmofm measurementm ismthem CDSmscore?m Providem amrationalem form yourm answer.
Answer:mThemCDSmscoremismatmthemintervalmlevelmofmmeasurement.mThemCDSmismam26-
itemmLikertmscalemdevelopedmtommeasuremdepressionminmcardiacmpatients.mStudymparticipantsmrat
edmtheirmsymp-
m toms m onm am scale m of m 1m tom 7, m withm higher m numbers mindicating m increased m severitym inmthem depressi
onmsymptoms.mThemtotalmscoresmformeachmsubjectmobtainedmfrommthismmulti-
itemmscalemaremconsideredmtombematmthemintervalmlevelmofmmeasurementm(Graymetmal.,m2017;mWalt
zmetmal.,m2017).
6. WeremnonparametricmormparametricmanalysismtechniquesmusedmtomanalyzemthemCDSmscoresmfor
m them cardiacm patientsm inm thism study?m Providem am rationalem form yourm answer.
Answer:m Parametricm statistics,m suchm asm meanm andm SD,m werem conductedm tom describem CDSm score
smformstudymparticipantsm(seemTablem1).mCDSmscoresmareminterval-
levelmdatamasmindicatedminmQuestionsm5,msomparametricmstatisticsmaremappropriatemformthismlevelmofmdat
am(Graymetmal.,m2017;mKimm&mMallory,m2017).
7. Ism them prevalencem ofm depressionm linkedm tom them NYHAm class?m Discussm them clinicalm import
ancemofmthismresult.
Answer:m Them studym narrativem indicatedm thatm them prevalencem ofm depressionm increasedm withm them
greatermNYHAmclass.mInmNYHAmclassmIII,m64%mofmthemsubjectsmweremdepressed,mwhereasm11%mofmt
hemsubjectsmweremdepressedminmNYHAmclassmI.mThus,masmthemNYHAmclassmincreased,mthemnumbermof
msub-
mjectsmwithmdepressionmincreased.mThismismanmexpectedmfindingmbecausemasmthemNYHAmclassmincreas
es,mcardiacmpatientsmhavemmoremseveremphysicalmsymptoms,mwhichmusuallymresultminmemotionalmdistr
ess,msuchmasmdepression.mNursesmneedmtomactivelymassessmcardiacmpatientsmformdepression,mespecially
mthosem inm higherm NYHAm classes,m som theym mightm bem diagnosedm andm treatedm asm needed.
8. Whatm frequencym andm percentm ofm cardiacm patientsm inm thism studym werem notm beingm treatedm
withmanmantidepressant?mShowmyourmcalculationsmandmroundmyourmanswermtomthemnearestmwh
olempercentm(%).
Answer:mAmtotalm ofm 106m cardiacm patientsm participatedm inm thism study.m Them samplem inclu
dedm15mpatientsmwhomweremreceivingmanmantidepressantm(seemTablem1).mThem numberm ofm cardiac
m patients m notm treatedm for m depression m was m 91m (106m –
m 15m =m91). m The m groupm percent m ism calculated m bym them following m formula:m (group m frequency m
÷mtotalm samplem size)m ×m100%.m Form thism study,m(91mpatientsm÷m106msamplemsize)m×m100%m
=m0.858m×m100%m=m85.8%m=m86%.mThem finalmanswerm ismroundedm tomthem nearestm wholempe
rcentm asm directedm inmthem question.m Youm couldm havemalsomsubtractedmthem14%mofmpatientsmtreat
edmwithmantidepressantsmfromm100%mandmobtainedmthem86%mwhomweremnotmtreatedmwithmanmanti
depressant.
9. Whatmwasmthempurposemofmthem6-
minutemwalkmtestm(6MWT)?mWouldmthem6MWTmbemusefulminmclinicalmpractice?
Answer:mHametmal.m(2018)mstated,m“Them6-
minmwalkmtestm(6MWT)mismammeasuremofmthemsubmaximal,msteady-
statemfunctionalmcapacity”mofmcardiacmpatients.mThismtestmwouldmbemamquick,measymwaymtomdeter
minemamcardiacmpatient’smfunctionalmstatusminmamclinicalm setting.m Thism functionalm statusmscore
m couldm bem usedm tom determine m them treatment m planm tom promote m or m maintain m functional m status m o
fmcardiacmpatients.
