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Exam (elaborations)

Fundamentals of Nursing

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Fundamentals of Nursing

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  • September 3, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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Test Bank For Fundamentals of Nursing 8th Edition By Patricia
Potter; Anne Perry; Patricia Stockert; Amy Hall
9780323079334 Chapter 1-50 Complete Guide .
Movement - ANSWER: Visible aspect and contributes to self-worth and well-being

Mobility - ANSWER: Used to show self-defense, perform activities of daily living
(ADLs) and recreational activities

Body mechanics - ANSWER: Coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous
system

Body alignment - ANSWER: Reduces strain, maintains muscle tone, comfort,
conserves energy

Balance - ANSWER: Required to maintain a static position

Friction - ANSWER: Force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement

Long bones - ANSWER: Contribute to height

Short bones - ANSWER: Occur in clusters (carpal bones in the foot)

Flat bones - ANSWER: Provide structural contour (skull)

Irregular bones - ANSWER: Make up the vertebral column and some bones of the
skull

Pathological fractures - ANSWER: Caused by weakened bone tissue

Synostosis joint - ANSWER: Bones jointed by bones with no movement

Cartilaginous joint - ANSWER: Unites bony components

Fibrous joint - ANSWER: joint in which a ligament unites two bony surfaces (paired
bones of the lower leg)

Synovial joint - ANSWER: Ball and Socket Joint (hip)

Ligaments - ANSWER: Fibrous tissue that connect ones an cartilages

Tendons - ANSWER: Connect muscle to bone

Cartilage - ANSWER: Nonvascular, supporting tissue (joints and thorax)

, concentric tension - ANSWER: Increased muscle contraction causes muscle
shortening resulting in movement

Eccentric tension - ANSWER: Helps control the speed and direction of movement

Isotonic contraction - ANSWER: Active movement between concentric and eccentric
muscle actions

Isometric contraction - ANSWER: Causes an increase in muscle tension or muscle
work but no shortening or active movement

Leverage - ANSWER: Inducing or compelling force

Posture - ANSWER: Position of the body in relation to the surrounding space

Muscle tone - ANSWER: Normal state of balanced muscle tension

Torticollis - ANSWER: Inclining of head to affected side, in which sternocleidomastoid
muscle is contracted

Lordosis - ANSWER: Exaggeration of anterior convex curve of lumbar spine

Kyphosis - ANSWER: Increased convexity in curvature of thoracic spine

Scoliosis - ANSWER: Lateral S- or C-shaped spinal column with vertebral rotation,
unequal heights of hips and shoulders

Congential hip dysplasia - ANSWER: Hip instability with limited abduction of hips and,
occasionally, adduction contractures (head of femur does not articulate with
acetabulum because of abnormal shallowness of acetabulum)

knock-knee - ANSWER: Legs curved inward so that knees come together as person
walks

Bowlegs - ANSWER: One or both legs bent outward at knee, which is normal until 2
to 3 years of age

Clubfoot - ANSWER: 95%: medial deviation and plantar flexion of foot (equinovarus)
5%: lateral deviation and dorsiflexion (calcaneovalgus)

Footdrop - ANSWER: Inability to dorsiflex and invert foot because of peroneal nerve
damage

Pigeon Toes - ANSWER: Internal rotation of forefoot or entire foot; common in
infants

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