PATHO Exam 1, NURS 3366 EXAM 2,
Patho Exam 3 correct and complete
solutions
PATHO Exam 1, NURS 3366 EXAM 2,
Patho Exam 3
II. Some basic physiologic concepts.
B. Compensation and decompensation
b. Control / compensatory mechanisms examples:
1. Example of compensatory response to normal daily life stressor concept flow chart
map with elevated external temperature or exercise - CORRECT ANSWER 1. body
temperature rises
the hypothalamus senses the elevated core temperature and sends a signal to the skin
to produce sweat
heat loss occurs through evaporation. Dilation of the superficial blood vessels also
occurs
as "heated blood" circulates from the core to the periphery
heat loss occurs through radiation (heat removed from body into surrounding air).
h - CORRECT ANSWER g
g - CORRECT ANSWER g
II. Some basic physiologic concepts.
B. Compensation and decompensation
b. Control / compensatory mechanisms examples:
2) Example of compensatory response to pathologic stressors if youve lost a lot of blood
- CORRECT ANSWER (massive bleeding) or water (dehydration), the body uses
certain compensatory techniques to keep remaining fluid volume circulating as
effectively as possible (temporary measures until the cause of the problem gets fixed) :
a) heart rate would increased.
b) also, arteries in your periphery (arms and legs) would
constrict, shunting whatever blood volume is left to the central areas
III. Pathophysiologic concepts & terminology
Precipitating factor? - CORRECT ANSWER a. a condition or event that triggers a
pathologic event or disorder ....
the "kick-off"
b. ex—"an asthma attack can be precipitated by exertion"
Iatrogenic vs Nosocomial - CORRECT ANSWER Iatrogenic : caused by medical tx
nosocomial : hospital acquired
,PATHO Exam 1, NURS 3366 EXAM 2,
Patho Exam 3 correct and complete
solutions
III. Pathophysiologic concepts & terminology
D. Terms relating to course of a disease
Prognosis? - CORRECT ANSWER predicted outcome of a dz based on certain factors
usual course of dz
Aglia - CORRECT ANSWER pain, painful condition
ectomy - CORRECT ANSWER suffix denoting removal of an anatomical part
hemorrhage - CORRECT ANSWER hemorrhage- escape of blood from the
intravascular space. To bleed.
iasis - CORRECT ANSWER iasis—suffix meaning state or condition.
ostomy - CORRECT ANSWER suffix meaning artificial opening (stoma) into the urinary
or gastrointestinal tract or trachea
SO2 - CORRECT ANSWER oxygen saturation (measured as percentage
otomy - CORRECT ANSWER suffix meaning a cutting operation
plasty - CORRECT ANSWER plasty- suffix referring to molding, shaping or the result
there of a surgical procedure.
scopy - CORRECT ANSWER scopy- suffix referring to viewing or seeing
II. Genetic disorders
A. Overview
1. Examples of inherited vs spontaneous genetic disorders?
2. What are 4 groupings of genetic disorders? - CORRECT ANSWER 1.
sickle cell inherited,
free radicals> aginging> DNA damage> altered protein synthesis> gene mutations>
oncogenes develop> cancer (spontaneous
2. Mitochondrial, Multifactorial, Chromosomal, Single gene
II. Genetic disorders
A. Overview
3. Mitochondiral disorders
1. Where is DNA also found besides Nucleus?
very uselss info tbh - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Mitochondria
II. Genetic disorders
,PATHO Exam 1, NURS 3366 EXAM 2,
Patho Exam 3 correct and complete
solutions
A. Overview
4. Multifactorial genetic disorders?
4.1 Give examples of dz that are multifactorial - CORRECT ANSWER 4. Combination of
environment and inheritance components
4.1 lung cancer with smoke toxins & deranged genes> cancer & HTN, CAD, DM
II. Genetic disorders
A. Overview
4. Multifactorial disorders
C. Teratogenic disorders
1. What is teratogen?
2. What are 2 teratogenic disorders?
2.1 Explain both - CORRECT ANSWER 1. any influence that can cause congenital
defects (prebirth) like drugs, radiation, viruses, alcohol
2. Fetal alcohol syndrome & Thalidomide babies
2.1 Prego mom drinks alcohol, baby mutates & prego mom takes thalidomide drug,bby
born with abnormal limbs
II. Genetic disorders
A. Overview
5. chromosomal disorders (AKA, chromosomal aberrations)
5.1 What is it?
5.2 What does it lead to? - CORRECT ANSWER 5.1 alteration to development or
structure of chromosome
5.2 alters local genes, bad protein coding, different phenotypes of disorders
II. Genetic disorders
A. Overview
5. chromosomal disorders (AKA, chromosomal aberrations)
b. alteration to NUMBERS of chromosomes:
A5b. What is a disorder example dealing with chromosome numbers?
2. What is the glitch of previous question & chrosome? - CORRECT ANSWER A5b.1
Downsyndrome or Trisomy 21, s/s include mental retardation, low set ears, big tongue,
epicanthic fold
II. Genetic disorders
A. Overview
5. chromosomal disorders (AKA, chromosomal aberrations)
c. alterations to STRUCTURE of chromosomes—Philadelphia chromosome
1. What does this involve?
, PATHO Exam 1, NURS 3366 EXAM 2,
Patho Exam 3 correct and complete
solutions
2. What happens to chromosome in Philadelphia chromosomes? - CORRECT
ANSWER 1. deleting duplication or rearrangment of gene sites (translocation) on
chromosome
2. Translocation
II. Genetic disorders
B. Single-gene disorders
1. What 3 inherited disorders in recognizable patterns? - CORRECT ANSWER 1.
autosomnal dominant, autosomal recessive, and sexlinked
Somy?
Polysomy? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. means "having to do with chromosome numbers."
2. more chromosomes than normal; so Down's is a disorder of polysomy
II. Genetic disorders
B. Single-gene disorders
2. autosomal recessive disorder
2.1 What is it basically?
2.2 What are the letters? - CORRECT ANSWER 2.1 When bad recessive gene pairs up
with allelle that is also bad recessive;
2.2 2 lowercase letters, bad code protein malfunction
II. Genetic disorders
B. Single-gene disorders
2. autosomal recessive disorder
2.1 What is ex of autosomal recessive disorder?
2.2 How would a person inherit this disorder & results in what? - CORRECT ANSWER
2.1 sickle cell anemia
2.2 mom & dad BOTH pass on their recessive mutated Hgb coding gene & resulting
homozygous genotype
II. Genetic disorders
B. Single-gene disorders
2. autosomal recessive disorder
1. If these Sickle celled shaped RBC, whats bad? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. they
damage easily, dying faster, leading to anemia, less O2
II. Genetic disorders
B. Single-gene disorders
2. autosomal recessive disorder
2) phenotype - S/S sickle cell anemia
1. What are the 2 main s/s?
