NR 235 Exam 1 Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 235
Institution
NUR 235
Anasarca -extreme generalized edema -medical condition characterized by widespread swelling of the skin due to effusion (pouring out) of fluid into the extracellular space -usually caused by liver failure, renal failure/disease, right-sided heart failure and severe malnutrition/protein deficiency
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NR 235 Exam 1 Review Questions and
Correct Answers
Anasarca ✅-extreme generalized edema
-medical condition characterized by widespread swelling of the skin due to effusion
(pouring out) of fluid into the extracellular space
-usually caused by liver failure, renal failure/disease, right-sided heart failure and severe
malnutrition/protein deficiency
Scleroderma ✅-a.k.a. crest syndrome
-chronic hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissue
-rare ( <200,000 cases/year in US)
-cant be cured, but treatment may help
-chronic condition
Pedal Erythema ✅-intense redness of the skin because of excess blood (hyperemia) in
the dialated superficial capillaries (in the feet and ankles)
Edema ✅-the accumulation of excess fluid in a fluid compartment
Clubbing of the nails ✅-occurs with congenital cyanotic heart disease (occurs due to
deoxygenated blood bypassing the lungs and entering the systemic circulation or a
mixture of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood entering the systemic circulation), lung
cancer, and pulmonary diseases
A Fissure ✅-linear crack with abrupt edges; extends into dermis;dry or moist
A Keloid ✅-a benign excess of scar tissue beyond sites or original injury; surgery,
acne, ear piercing, tattoos, infections, burns
Lichenification ✅-prolonged, intense scratching eventually thickens skin and produces
tightly packed sets of papules; looks like surface of moss (or lichen)
Petitichiae ✅-tiny punctate (studded with or denoting dots or tiny holes) hemorrhages
-1 to 3 mm
-round and discrete
-dark red, purple, or brown in color
Ecchymosis ✅-a purplish patch resulting from extravasation of blood into the skin
- >3 mm in diameter
Purpura ✅-confluent and extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymosis
- >3 mm, flat, red to purple, macular hemorrhage
, Macules ✅-solely a color change
-flat and circumscribed (kept within boundaries/lines)
- <1cm
Papules ✅-something you can feel caused by superficial thickening in epidermis
-ex: mole or wart
ABCDE:
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color variation
Diameter greater than 6 mm
Elevation/Evolution
Keratosis ✅-a horny growth (especially on the skin)
Tinea Capitus ✅-Ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis) is a fungal infection of the scalp
and hair shafts. The signs and symptoms of ringworm of the scalp may vary, but it
usually appears as itchy, scaly, bald patches on the head.
Albumin ✅***if LOW = MALNUTRITION***
-a simple form of protein that is soluble in water and coagulable by heat, such as that
found in egg white, milk, and (in particular) blood serum.
Malnutrition [high risk patients] ✅-very young & the very old
-the young rely on others to provide food (complete dependence) -may be a knowledge
deficit with the parents
-the elderly may not make enough money to buy the correct food, many live on a fixed
income
Obesity ✅Overweight defined as BMI of 25 or greater
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