NUR 145 Module A- Surgery Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 145
Institution
NUR 145
Perioperative phase -period of time that constitutes the Surgical experience -consists of three phases
1) preoperative Phase 2) intraoperative Phase 3) postoperative Phase
Preoperative phase period of time from when the decision for surgical interventions is made to when the patient is transferre...
NUR 145 Module A- Surgery Review
Questions and Correct Answers
Perioperative phase ✅-period of time that constitutes the Surgical experience
-consists of three phases
Preoperative phase ✅period of time from when the decision for surgical interventions
is made to when the patient is transferred to the OR table
Intraoperative phase ✅period of time that begins with transfer of the patient to the OR
area and continues until the patient is admitted to the postanesthsia care unit (PACU)
Postoperative phase ✅period of time that begins with the admission of the patient to
the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) and ends after follow-up evaluation in the clinical
setting or home
Categories of surgery based on urgency ✅1) emergent (pt requires IMMEDIATE
attention; disorder may be life-threatening)
-without delay
-Ex: severe bleeding, fractured skull, gunshot or stab wounds
3) required (pt NEEDS to have the surgery)
-within a few weeks or months
-Ex: thyroid disorders, cataracts
4) elective (patient SHOULD have surgery)
-failure to have surgery is not catastrophic
-Ex: repair of scars, hernia, vaginal repair
5) optional (decision rests with the pt)
-personal preference
-Ex: cosmetic surgery
Preoperative Assessment ✅-nutritional, fluid status
-dentition
-drug/alcohol use
, -oxygenation
-perfusion
-hepatic & renal function
-endocrine function
-immune function
-psychosocial factors
-spiritual & cultural Factors
Nutrition and fluid status (preop assessment) ✅-optimal nutrition is needed for healing
& resisting infection
-identify factors such as obesity, weight loss, malnutrition, deficiencies in specific
nutrients, metabolic abnormalities, & effects of medication on nutrition that may affect
the pt's surgical course
-nutritional needs determined by BMI & waist circumference
-nutritional deficiencies should be corrected BEFORE surgery to provide adequate
protein for tissue repair
-assess patient for HYDRATION status (turgor, urinalysis, edema, crackles in lungs)
Dentition (preop assessment) ✅-dental caries (decayed teeth), dentures & partial
plates are significant to anesthesiologist (could become dislodged during intubation,
occluding the airway)
-assessment of the mouth is also important because any bodily infections, even in the
mouth, can be a source of post-op Infection
Drug & alcohol use (preop assessment) ✅-ingesting moderate amounts of alcohol
before surgery can weaken pt's immune system, & increases the chance of post-op
complications
-illicit drugs & alcohol may impede effectiveness of some medications (need more
anesthesia usually)
-pt who suffers from alcohol abuse often suffers from malnutrition, other systemic
problems or metabolic imbalances, this increases surgical risk
-ask frank questions in nonjudgmental way
Oxygenation (preop assessment) ✅-educate pt about breathing exercises
-educate about use of incentive spirometry
-pt's who smoke are urged to stop 30 DAYS BEFORE surgery to reduce pulmonary &
wound healing complications
-pt's who smoke are more likely to experience delayed wound healing & complications
such as pneumonia
-pt's with underlying chronic respiratory illnesses are assessed carefully for threats to
their pulmonary status
Perfusion (preop assessment) ✅-pt preparation for surgery includes ensuring that the
cardiovascular system can support the oxygen, fluid & nutritional needs of the
perioperative period
-if pt has uncontrolled HTN, surgery is postponed until BP is regulated
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