NUR 145 Pharmacology - Ch. 14 (Sleep) Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 145
Institution
NUR 145
Sleep - State of unconsciousness from which a person can be aroused by appropriate stimulus - Needed to maintain psychiatric equilibrium and strengthen immune system - Two phases: REM and NREM -REM sleep associated with dreaming -NREM sleep divided into four stages
Sedative-Hypnotic Agents - Hypno...
NUR 145 Pharmacology - Ch. 14 (Sleep)
Review Questions and Correct Answers
Sleep ✅- State of unconsciousness from which a person can be
aroused by appropriate stimulus
- Needed to maintain psychiatric equilibrium and
strengthen immune system
- Two phases: REM and NREM
-REM sleep associated with dreaming
-NREM sleep divided into four stages
Sedative-Hypnotic Agents ✅- Hypnotic—drug that produces sleep
- Sedative—drug that relaxes a patient but is not
necessarily accompanied by sleep
- Increase total sleeping time, mainly in
stages II and IV
- Decrease number of REM cycles and amount of REM
sleep
- May cause REM rebound when drug
use is stopped
*No single drug can produce all the desired effects of sedation and sleep induction
without producing adverse effects.
Most of these agents alter the sleep cycle in some manner and can be habit-forming.
REM ✅Rapid Eye Movement - a type of sleep cycle
*REM sleep restores mental and physiologic balance. If
REM dreaming is cut short, balance is not restored, and
REM rebound may occur.
Factors contributing to patterns of inadequate sleep: ✅stress, anxiety, illness, change
of environment, longer working hours, longer commute times, two-career families,
alcohol and drug abuse, medication use, and caffeine.
NREM ✅Non-rapid Eye Movement - a type of sleep cycle
Sedative-Hypnotic Agents - Actions ✅Sedatives produce relaxation and rest
Hypnotics produce sleep
*A single sedative can produce different effects at different dosages; a small dose acts
as sedative, a larger dose acts as hypnotic.
, Sedative-Hypnotic Agents - Uses ✅Temporary treatment of insomnia, decrease
anxiety and increase relaxation and/or sleep before diagnostic or operative procedures,
anti-convulsive agents
Four Stages of NREM Sleep ✅I—Transition from wakefulness to sleep; 2% to 5% of
sleep time
II—Experienced as drifting, floating; 50% of sleep time
III—Transition from lighter to deeper sleep
IV—Delta sleep; deep, dreamless, restful; 10% to 15% of sleep time in healthy young
adults
The amount of time people sleep ✅changes as they grow older
The pattern of sleep ✅changes throughout life
Typical sleep pattern of a 15-year-old compared with that of an 85-year: ✅sleep cycles
are longer and total sleep is greater in a 15-year-old.
The Sleep Cycle ✅- A healthy young adult cycles through NREM and REM in
a 90-minute period
- Stage I → Stage II → Stage III → Stage IV → Stage III →
Stage II → REM
- Many sleep disorders can be traced to specific
abnormalities in this sleep cycle
Overall balance of sleep ✅is upset if the amount of time in a particular stage is
increased or decreased from normal averages.
The non-rapid eye movement (NREM) phase of sleep is divided into four stages. Which
stage accounts for the largest amount of normal sleep time for an adult?
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV ✅Answer: B
Rationale: Stage II comprises about 50% of normal sleep time. Stage I only accounts for
2% to 5% of sleep. Stage III is a transition from the lighter to deeper sleep state of stage
IV. Stage IV sleep comprises 10% to 15% of sleep time in young healthy adults but
diminishes as a person ages.
How many hours of sleep per night is thought to be optimal for good health?
A. 5 to 6
B. 6 to 7
C. 7 to 8
D. 8 to 9 ✅Answer: C
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