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CHEM 104 Exam Prep Questions & 100% Correct Answers A+ Guaranteed
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CHEM 104 Exam Prep Questions & 100%Correct Answers A+ Guaranteed
Nomenclature has 2 rules for naming alkanes - ✔✔1.first identify the longest chain of carbon
atoms in its structure (1:meth, 2:eth, 3:prop, 4: but, 5:pent, 6: hex,7:hept, 8:oct, 9:non,10:dec)
2.add prefixes to the name of the longest chain to indicate positions and name of substituents
What happens if more than 1 type of substituent is present - ✔✔When more than one substituent is
present either on the same carbon atom or on different atoms the substituents are listed alphabetically
How do you name an electronegative substituent - ✔✔The ending o replaces -ide at end of
naming en substituent
An ionic compounds the negatively charged ion ends with — in organic compounds. Such adults are
treated as substituents and ending — is used - ✔✔Ide
O
Because the carbon atom numbering begins at the end closest to a substituent. The longest change of
carbon atoms is numbered how? - ✔✔In such a way to produce the lowest numbers for
substituents
,How would you indicate the number number of substituents of the same type? - ✔✔By using
prefixes di, tri, tetra, penta, etc
alkyl group - ✔✔An alkane with a hydrogen atom removed, e.g. CH3, C2H5; alkyl groups are
often shown as 'R'.
tert-butyl - ✔✔-C(CH3)3
Do alkyl groups exist as stable independent entities - ✔✔No
When do unbranched chains exist - ✔✔When no carbon atom is bonded to no more than 2
other carbons
How do you often name unbranched chains - ✔✔Begin with the term normal or n-
How do you predict all isomers - ✔✔Begin with longest C chain
2. Remove one carbon from the longest chain and find unique locations where a CH3 group may
be added to the remaining carbon chain.
3. Repeat, removing an additional carbons from the longest chain and then distribute the carbon to
unique locations to form more isomers
What IMFs are in alkanes - ✔✔LDFs
because alkanes only have LDFs they have relatively low, melting points and boiling points, and they
have low solubility in polar solvents like water
As more mass of the molecules increase the strength of the dispersion forces - ✔✔Increase
Increasing the potential surface contact between molecules — dispersion forces so longer carbon chains
will have — dispersion forces - ✔✔Increases
Greater
, Different isomers of outcomes with the same chemical formula may also exhibit different strength of
dispersion forces. The less branch an isomer is, the — surface area on the molecule will have to interact
with other molecules leading to — dispersion forces - ✔✔Greater
Stronger
Cycloalkanes - ✔✔Cyclic alkanes where the carbon atoms are connected in a ring
What is the general formula for cycloalkanes? - ✔✔CnH2n
How do you name cycloalkanes - ✔✔the same as alkanes but placing cyclo in front of the word
Unsaturated - ✔✔Organic compounds that contain one or more double or triple bond
between carbon atoms
alkenes - ✔✔Unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules that contain one or more double bond
Geometric isomer - ✔✔Adam's are attached in the same order but the spatial arrangement differs.
In order for it to be a geometric isomer each carbon of the carbon carbon bond must have two different
groups attached to it.
Carbon atoms are free to rotate around a single bond, but what about double bonds? -
✔✔Corbin Adams cannot rotate her on double bonds due to them being rigid
Is it possible to have two Iser of 2 - butane - ✔✔Yes, because you can have both methyl groups on
the same side of the double bond(cis) or the methyl groups on the opposite sides(trans)
The less branch, an isomer is the greater the surface area along the molecule will have to interact with
other molecules. What does this lead to? - ✔✔Stronger, dispersion forces, greater boiling points,
and greater melting points
If you have polar bonds, in cis and trans isomers which one is typically more polar - ✔✔Cis
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