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Cell Biology: Cell Signaling and Cancer Test Questions & 100% Correct Answers Latest Update
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Cell Biology: Cell Signaling and Cancer Test Questions & 100% Correct Answers Latest Update
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Cell Biology: Cell Signaling and Cancer TestQuestions & 100% Correct Answers Latest
Update
Activation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase - ✔✔STEPS:
1. Ligand binds to two receptors
2. Receptors form dimer
3. Each receptor phosphorylates the
other receptor (autophosphorylation)
4. Recruitment of several signaling proteins that
contain SH2 domain
Ras pathway - ✔✔-Monomeric G protein important in regulating growth of
cells. -Can activate mitogen-activated protein kinases or MAP kinases or MAPKs -
Causes a cell to do grow and divide
-Mutations to certain Ras genes linked to tumors
MAPK pathway - ✔✔-Activated by RAS
-Activates Ap-1 transcription factor
Normal cell growth and tissue maintenance requires a
delicate balance of: - ✔✔1.Growth, division
•(signals from ECM and other cells)
2.Death or apoptosis
•(signals from outside or within)
3.Differentiation
•(signals from outside, within, and other cells)
, G1-S transition - ✔✔the commitment is made to DNA replication and subsequent cell division.
Influenced by growth factors, nutrients, cell size DNA damage
G2-M transition - ✔✔•Monitors for cell size, nutrient availability, and DNA integrity
•The cell cycle is regulated primarily by the control of the G2/M transition
Metaphase-Anaphase Transition - ✔✔Influenced by chromosome attachments to spindle
Cyclins - ✔✔-proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic
cells -made and degrade at different points of the cell cycle
How does the Cdk/cyclin complex stimulate
progression of the cell cycle? - ✔✔By
phosphorylation of key substrates.
Halmarks of cancer - ✔✔1) Sustaining Proliferation Signal
2) Evading Growth Suppressors
3) Resisting Cell Death
4) Replicative Immortality
5) Angiogenisis
6) Activating Invasion and Metastasis
Sustaining proliferative signaling - ✔✔-signal and
receptor -somatic mutations avtivate signaling -disruptions
in negative feedback loops
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