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Animal Cell Bio Final- Cell Death, Signaling and Cancer| Qs & As Latest Update ( 100% Solution)
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Animal Cell Bio Final- Cell Death, Signaling and Cancer| Qs & As Latest Update ( 100% Solution)
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Animal Cell Bio Final- Cell Death, Signalingand Cancer| Qs & As Latest Update ( 100%
Solution)
senescence - ✔✔cells undergo a limited number of replications. once reached, they no longer
divide but are still alive for awhile until signaled cell death
_______ gets shorter every cell division - ✔✔telomeres
cancers tend to ______ telomerase - ✔✔overexpress
telomerase is _______ in somatic cells and _________ in germ cells - ✔✔rare, normal
cutting off telomeres can induce - ✔✔senescence and cell death
cancers become less _________ as they become more __________ - ✔✔differentiated, malignant
cells with low O2 secrete - ✔✔VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)
angiogenesis - ✔✔formation of new blood vessels
tumor cells tolerate - ✔✔extra low O2 levels
VEGFR - ✔✔RTK on vascular endothelial cells
binding of VEGF leads to - ✔✔increase endothelium, increase capillaries, increase metastatic risk
, basal lamina is between - ✔✔epidermis and dermis
cell crawling used - ✔✔focal adhesions and integrin
cancers arise from ______ genetic mutations - ✔✔somatic
DNA changes may be ___________, ___________ or _____________ - ✔✔intrinsic,
intrinsic/extrinsic, extrinsic
intrinsic - ✔✔spontaneous, DNA replication
intrinsic/extrinsic - ✔✔tumor promoters
extrinsic - ✔✔carcinogens that damage DNA, infections, etc.
more often a cell cycles - ✔✔more likely it is to become cancer
tumor promoters - ✔✔intrinsic/extrinsic chemicals that increase cell proliferation but do not
directly damage DNA
carcinogens - ✔✔damage DNA and increase somatic mutations
oncogene - ✔✔abnormal version of proto-oncogene, increases cell cycling, causes cancer
pathways that stimulate cell cycling can become - ✔✔oncogenic
pathways that inhibit cell cycling can become - ✔✔tumor suppressors
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