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Midterm 2 Review

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Comprehensive review of topics covered on Exam 2 of ABI 103. Topics include: hormones, signal transduction, insulin and glucagon, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, lactic acid cycle, ketone synthesis, and anaerobic energy metabolism.

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  • September 3, 2024
  • 17
  • 2023/2024
  • Class notes
  • Lee pettey
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, Classification of Hormones Hormonal Action

peptides ·



hydrophilic hormones act via receptor proteins
·
chain of amino acids on cell surface


most hormones are peptides
-


polypeptides

↳ insulin , vasopressin hydrophilic hormones

produce another
-



glycoproteins
chemical as a second

have glucose component
·



messenger that
goes
↳ FSH LH on to pass the
,
insulin structure message




Amines

·


tyrosine derivatives

·

e
:
epinephrine
-
, norepinephrine , thyroid ,
melatonin

catecholamines



resemble amino side chains
acid lipophilic hormones can
directly enter cell (no
·




receptor needed)

Steroids

·

lipophilic ; derived from cholesterol

·
testosterone ,
-
estrogen , progesterone ,
cortisol


gonadal hormones




Non-steroidal Lipids
·
derived from arachidonic acid (essential FA)
·


prostaglandin E2 alpha

, Location of Hormone Secretion

Anterior
Pituitary Posterior
Pituitary Adrenal Gland-Cortex

·


growth hormone ·

vasopressin (antidiuretic ·



glucocorticoids (cortisol ,
aka

·

adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) -




regulates water reabsorption stress hormone)

·


thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) ·

oxytocin ·
mineral corticoids Caldosterone)
·
LH & FSH -

milk letdown
-


maintain electrolyte balance


·

prolactin uterine contractions by increasing Nat reabsorption
- -




K+ balance




Adrenal Gland-Medulla Parathyroid Gland Pancreatic Hormones


·
amines -

epinephrine and norepinephrine ·



parathyroid hormone (PTH) ·
insulin (t blood glucose)
-



fight or
flight response -responds to low blood cast ·

glucagon (4 blood glucose)
-can be
excitatory or
inhibitory
·

somatostatin -
slows metabolism

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