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Anatomy & Physiology Spring 2021 Final Review
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Anatomy & Physiology Spring 2021 Final Review
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Anatomy & Physiology Spring 2021 Final Review1. coordinates the body's response to changes in its internal and external
environment: function of nervous system
2. classified by direction in which they carry impulses
ex- sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), interneurons (association): function of
neurons
3. neuron: what is the smallest functional unit of the nervous system?
4. depolarization - sodium ions flood into the membrane of axon and reverse
the electrical charge across the cell membrane: describe what happens when a
neuron reaches an action potential
5. chemicals released into the synapse from an impulse: what are neurotrans-
mitters and when are they released?
6. relay messages, process information, and to analyze information: function of
the central nervous system
7. left side of cerebrum controls right side of body
right side of cerebrum controls the left side of body: know what part of the brain
allows you to control movement of either side of your hand
8. cerebrum: thinking and responding to answers is controlled by which part of the
brain?
9. afferent division: know the division that transmits impulses from the sense
organs to the CNS
10. heart -> aorta -> arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins ->
superior/inferior vena cava -> heart: know the function and structures (largest,
smallest) of the cardiovascular system, including blood and the system that returns
leaked blood to the circulatory system.
11. systemic system (systemic circuit): what is the largest pathway of the circu-
latory (cardiovascular) system?
12. a group of specialized cells make up the SA node that is located in
the upper (superior) right atrium: know where the sinoatrial node
(pacemaker) islocated
13. superior/inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary
artery -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta: de-
scribe the direction of blood flow in the heart
14. septum: what structure prevents the mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor
blood in the heart?
15. arteries have thicker walls
veins have thinner walls: compare and contrast the walls of veins and arteries
16. to prevent back flow of blood: why do we have valves?
17. normal = 120/80
below this number = hypotension
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