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MCB3020 EXAM4 Questions and Answers
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List blood formed elements and describe their functions. o :# -red blood cells: transport oxygen and carbon dioxide o -platelets:essential for blood clotting o -white blood cells (leukocytes): include a diverse group of cells involved in immunity o --Granulocytes:presence of granules in th...

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  • September 2, 2024
  • 23
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • mcb3020 exam4 questions and answers

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2024/2025 1|Page




MCB3020 EXAM4 Questions and Answers
List blood formed elements and describe their functions.

o :# -red blood cells: transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

o -platelets:essential for blood clotting

o -white blood cells (leukocytes): include a diverse group of cells involved in

immunity

o --Granulocytes:presence of granules in their cytoplasm and include neutrophils,

eosinophils, mast cells and basophils

o --Agranulocytes: lack granules and inclue monocytes and lymphocytes




Compare innate immunity and acquired immunity. List main players involved in each

type.

o :# -innate immunity: the bodies natural immunity (immunity a person is bork

with) (fever and inflammation)

--first line of deffence: barrier defenses that prevent pathognes from entering the body.

Includes skin and mucous membrands of the digestive, respiratory and urogenital tracts

--second line of deffence: the nonspecific defenses that attack a pathogen once it has

enters the body. includes phagocytosis, extracellular killing, inflammation, fever and the

complement system

-aquired immunity: oerfected as an individual grows over. when a person is exposed to a

new kind of infection they develop aquire immunity. (addaptive immunity or specific

immunity

, 2024/2025 2|Page




Compare layers of skin and mucous membrane and their role in immune system.

o :# -major components of the first line of defense of the immune system

-skin:inhospitable to potential invaders because it is dyr, cool, salty, has a low pH and

protective secretions that kill bacteria. Contains normal flora

-epidermis: top layer of skin which consists of tightly packed layer of dead cells that are

constantly being sloughed off and regenerated.

-mucous membranes: respiratory, digestie, and urogenital tracts. produce a sealant like

layer that covers and protects the cells of the membrane

-epithelium: outermost layer of the mucous membrane. as cells are shed from the

epithelium, microbes that have attached to the epithelium are shed away as well

-mucociliary escaltor: prevents microbesform entering the lungs




What are the elements of first, second, and third line of defense

o :# -first line of defense: physical and chemical defenses that prevent pathogens

from entering the body. (skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory,

digestive, and urogenital tracts)

-second line of defense: non specific defenses tht attackall the pathogens in a similar

fashion. (phagocytosis, inflammation, extracellular, fever and the complement system)

-third line of defense: forms the bodies acquried immune response. Targets each infection

with tailor-made components (lymphocytes: B cells, T cells and natural killer cells)

, 2024/2025 3|Page


What is cell-mediated immunity (CMI)? Humoral immunity (AMI)

o :# -cell-mediated immunity: against intracellular pathogens. Involves T cells and

natural killer cells that act as house keepers, killing cells that pose a problem for

the body

-humoral immunity: immunity agianst extracellular pathogens. Involves the activation of

B cells




Name the primary and secondary lymphoid organs, where all blood components are

originated from?

o :# -Primary lymphatic tissues and organs: involved in the production,

maturation and differentiation of lymphocytes (bone marrow and thymus)

-secondary lymphatic tissues and organs: involved in encountering and binding antigens,

initiating an adaptive immune response. (lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, lymphoid tissues

and pryers patches)

-all of the blood formed elements of the immunse system originate in the bone marrow




What does de-granulation refer to? Which cells are involved? Example of granules

produces by these cells?

o :# -degranulation: the process by which granular cells lose their granules

-for example: when these cells encounter an allergen, they might release their granules,

which contain concentrated chemicals, the most most common of which is histamine.

This produces an allergy response, and it is why you have to take antihistamines to fight

against allergies

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