ASU BIO 340 Exam 1 Latest Update 2024-2025
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A molecule of RNA (ribonucleic acid) contains the bases _______.CORRECT
ANSWER: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
A nucleotide is made of _______.CORRECT ANSWER: sugar + phosphate + nitrogen
base
A recessive trait will be observed in individuals that are ________ for that
trait.CORRECT ANSWER: homozygous
Addition Rule of ProbabilityCORRECT ANSWER: Used to determine the probability that
at least one of two mutually exclusive events will occur.
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(AB)
Alfred Wallace (1823-1913)CORRECT ANSWER: "Father of Biogeography," was the
first to propose that animal species have "geographies"
Alternate forms of a gene are called _______.CORRECT ANSWER: alleles
amino acidsCORRECT ANSWER: building blocks of proteins
analogyCORRECT ANSWER: similarity of function and superficial resemblance of
structures that have different origins (e.g. wings of a fly, moth and bird)
,AnaphaseCORRECT ANSWER: Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate
and move to opposite ends of the cell
ancestral characteristicsCORRECT ANSWER: characteristics that have arisen in
organisms as a result of common evolutionary descent
assortative matingCORRECT ANSWER: the type of mating that occurs when an
organism selects a mating partner that resembles itself
At metaphase I, homologous chromosomes are connected only at what
structures?CORRECT ANSWER: Chiasmata
autosomal dominant inheritanceCORRECT ANSWER: inheritance of a dominant gene
mutation on an autosome
autosomal inheritanceCORRECT ANSWER: The inheritance patterns that occur when
genes are located on autosomes rather than on sex chromosomes.
Autosomal Recessive InheritanceCORRECT ANSWER: two recessive alleles must be
present for trait to be displayed
Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944)CORRECT ANSWER: biological researchers who
identified DNA as the likely transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.
bacterial transforming principleCORRECT ANSWER: an experiment proposed by
Frederick Griffith in 1928 which suggested that a "transforming principle" from a heat-
killed virulent Pneumococcus strain can transform a non-virulent strain into a pathogenic
one.
Besides growth, what must happen before a cell divides?CORRECT ANSWER: DNA
replication
, Binomial DistributionCORRECT ANSWER: The probability distribution of X with
parameters n and p
carrierCORRECT ANSWER: A person who has one recessive allele for a trait, but does
not express the trait.
cell cycleCORRECT ANSWER: The regular sequence of growth and division that cells
undergo to produce two new daughter cells
central dogmaCORRECT ANSWER: theory that states that, in cells, information only
flows from DNA to RNA to proteins
Chargaff's RuleCORRECT ANSWER: A=T and C=G
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)CORRECT ANSWER: English naturalist who postulated a
theory of evolution by natural selection.
chiasmataCORRECT ANSWER: X-shaped regions where crossing over occurred.
chromosomesCORRECT ANSWER: a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein
found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of
genes.
cladesCORRECT ANSWER: a group of organisms believed to have evolved from a
common ancestor, according to the principles of cladistics.
cladistic approachCORRECT ANSWER: a method for constructing a phylogenetic tree
that is based on identifying the unique traits of each monophyletic group.
cleavage furrowCORRECT ANSWER: the first sign of cytokinesis during cell division in
an animal cell; a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate
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