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Psychology-Ethics and Professional Issues. Latest 2023
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Psychology-Ethics and Professional Issues1. Standard 8.09 requires psychologists to "acquire, care for, use, and dispose
of animals in compliance with current federal, state, and local laws and reg-
ulations, and with professional standards" and " to make reasonable efforts
to minimize the discomfort, infection, illness, and pain of animal subjects." It
also states that "when it is appropriate that an animal's life be terminated, psy-
chologists proceed rapidly, with an effort to minimize pain and in accordance
with accepted procedures.": Animals in Research
2. Standard 6.04 states: If the recipient of services does not pay for services
as agreed, and if psychologists intend to use collection agencies or legal
measures to collect the fees, psychologists first inform the person that such
measures will be taken & provide that person an opportunity to make prompt
payment: Collection Agencies
3. Standards 7.01 through 7.06 address education and supervision and require
psychologists to act competently and responsibly when teaching, supervis-
ing, and designing education and training programs and to avoid misrepre-
senting themselves or their work when performing these functions.: Education
and Supervision
4. Standard 3.10 states that "When psychologists conduct research or pro-
vide assessment, therapy, counseling, or consulting services in person or
via electronic transmission or other forms of communication, they obtain
the informed consent of the individual or individuals using language that is
reasonably understandable to that person or persons. For individuals unable
to give this, the psychologists (1) provide appropriate explanation, (2) seek the
individual's assent, (3) consider such persons' preference and best interests,
and (4) obtain appropriate permission from a legally authorized person.: In-
formed Consent and Assent
5. Standard 2.06 states: "(a) Psychologists refrain from initiating an activity
when they know or should know that there is a substantial likelihood that their
personal problems will prevent them from performing their work-related activ-
ities in a competent manner ... [and] (b) When psychologists become aware of
personal problems that may interfere with their performing work-related duties
adequately, they take appropriate measures, such as obtaining professional
consultation or assistance, and determine whether they should limit, suspend,
or terminate their work-related duties.": Personal Problems
6. Research on sexual misconduct has found that male therapists engage in
sexual and other dual relationships with clients much more often than female
therapists. The data also show that male therapists who engage in sexual
misconduct are usually older than the female clients they become involved
with, with the average therapist being between 42 and 44 and the client being
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, Psychology-Ethics and Professional Issues
between 30 and 33. No consistent relationship has been found between risk
for sexual misconduct and theoretical orientation, professional experience, or
education (Pope et al., 1993).: Sexual Misconduct by Psychotherapists
7. The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association pro-
vides guidelines for avoiding bias in language related to race/ethnicity, gender,
age, and sexual orientation. For example, it recommends putting "people
first (e.g., client's with a disability vs. disabled client);" being specific when
referring to race and avoiding using Whites as a comparison group; and using
emotionally neutral terms (e.g., people with a disease vs. people afflicted by
a disease).: Avoiding Bias in Language
8. Standard 2.01 requires psychologists to "provide services, teach, and con-
duct research with populations and in areas only within the boundaries of
their competence, based on their education, training, supervised experience,
consultation, study, or professional experience.": Competence
9. The EPPP (Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology) is a re-
quirement for licensure in the United States and Canada. It is prepared by
the Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards (ASPPB) and
is designed to assist the boards "in their evaluation of the qualifications
of applicants for licensure and certification" by assessing "the knowledge
that the most recent practice analysis has determined as foundational to the
competent practice of psychology" (ASPPB, 2010).: EPPP
10. Standard 8.02 states "(a) When obtaining informed consent as required by
Standard 3.10, Informed Consent, psychologists inform participate about (1)
the purpose of the research, expected duration, and procedures; (2) their right
to decline to participate and the withdraw from the research once participation
has begun; (3) the foreseeable consequences of declining or withdrawing;
(4) reasonably foreseeable factors that may be expected to influence their
willingness to participate such as potential risks, discomfort, or adverse
effects; (5) any prospective research benefits; (6 limits of confidentiality; (7)
incentives for participation, and 98) whom to contact for questions about the
research and research participants' rights.": Informed Consent For Research
11. Privilege is a legal concept that protects a client's confidentiality in the
context of legal proceedings. Most jurisdictions have laws that establish
privilege for communications between licensed mental health practitioners
and their clients. The client is ordinarily the "holder of the privilege," but a
therapist can claim the privilege on behalf of a client, and there are legally
defined exceptions to privilege.: Privilege/Holder of the Privilege
12. Standard 7.07 states that "psychologists do not engage in sexual rela-
tionships with students or supervisees who are in their department, agency,
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