Muscular References for STOTT Pilates
Trapezius - upper, middle, and lower division - ANS Origins: large, important, diamond shaped
muscle; its origin is on the occiput, nuchal ligament, and spinous process of the cervical
vertebrae and thoracic vertebrae
Insertions : the lateral third of the clavicle and acromion (upper fibers), scapular spine (middle
fibers), a tubercle at the medial end of the scapular spine (lower fibers)
Actions of the Muscles:simultaneous contraction of all the fibers adducts the scapula
upper fibers: elevation and upward rotation of the scapula
lower fibers: depression and upward rotation of the scapula
Levator Scapulae - ANS Origins: originates from the transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertions : inserts on the superior angle of the scapula
Actions of the Muscles : elevates the scapula and rotates it downwards
Rhomboid Major and Minor - ANS Origins: originate from the spinous process of C7 and T1-T4
Insertions: insert on the medial border of the scapula
Actions of the Muscles: adduct the scapula and rotate it downward
Serratus Anterior - ANS Origins: originates from the upper ten ribs
Insertions: inserts along the entire medial border of the scapula
Actions of the Muscles: when the ribs are fixed, the muscle flattens the medial border of the
scapula against the ribcage; with the upper fibers, it pulls the scapula laterally into upward
rotation
Pectoralis Minor - ANS Origins: originates from ribs 3-5
Insertions : inserts on the coracoid process
Actions of the Muscles: when the ribs are fixed, it pulls the scapula downward and forward
, Subclavius - ANS Origins : small muscle running from rib 1 and its cartilage
Insertions : underside of the clavicle
Actions of the Muscles: depresses the clavicle
Deltoid - anterior, medial and posterior division - ANS Origins: the three groups of fibers
converge toward the middle of the arm
Insertions: insertion on the lateral surface of the humerus
Actions of the Muscles: contraction of anterior fibers: flexion and medial rotation of the arm
Pectoralis major - sternal and clavicular division - ANS Origins: has a clavicular head from the
anterior, medial clavicle, and a sternocostal head from the sternum and costal cartilages 1-6 and
rib 7
Insertions: The tendon is twisted such that the fibers from the clavicular head insert below those
from the sternocostal head on the lateral aspect of the bicipital groove
Actions of the Muscles: when the ribcage is fixed, all the fibers adduct and medially rotate the
arm. The "hugging" muscle
Coracobrachialis - ANS Origins: arises from the coracoid process
Insertions: on the medial surface of the humeral shaft, near the middle
Actions of the Muscles: flexes and adducts the arm
shoulder muscle
Latissimus dorsi - ANS Origins: sacral and iliac crests, thoracolumbar fascia, spinous
processes of T7-T12, and posterior surfaces of the four lower ribs
Insertions: The tendon wraps around the medial side of the humerus, makes a twist, and inserts
on the bicipital groove
Actions of the Muscles: extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the arm
meaning "widest back muscle"
Teres Major - ANS Origins: originates from the posterior surface of the inferior angle of the
scapula
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