When are IM injections indicated? - - drugs are not easily absorbed PO
- when you want an intermediate rate of onset & duration of action
- when parenteral delivery is necessary
What are the reasons to give an injection? - - if drug is poorly absorbed or degraded by GI system
- if pt is uncoope...
When are IM injections indicated? - - drugs are not easily absorbed PO
- when you want an intermediate rate of onset & duration of action
- when parenteral delivery is necessary
What are the reasons to give an injection? - - if drug is poorly absorbed or degraded by GI system
- if pt is uncooperative, unconscious, unable to take PO
- used when localized therapy is desired
- preferred when rapid & predictable drug response is desired in ER situations
Enlarged base by which a hollow needle may be attached to a device (as a syringe) - Hub
Cylindrical container that holds liquids - Barrel
A small container, usually with a closure, used especially for liquids - Vial
Small bottle that contains the drug - Ampule
What is the needle size used for blood withdrawal? - 18 g
What is the needle size used for IM injections? - 22g
What is the needle size used for SubQ injections? - 25-27g
,What needle size is used for ID injections? - 26-27g
What type of injection has the fastest rate of absorption? - IV > IM > SQ
Diameter of the needle - Gauge
What are the 3 main sites of IM injections? - - gluteal (upper outter quadrant)
- deltoid (lateral & 3-4cm below the acromion)
- vastus lateralis (antero-lateral, upper thigh)
Which IM site is preferred in infants & kids under 3? - Vastus lateralis
*painful due to fascia lata
*lack of nerves and vessels
Which IM site is preferred in kids over 2? - Gluteus maximus
*higher risk of hitting siatic nerve in kids under 2
Which IM site is preferred in adults? - Deltoid
*watch for radial nerve in kids
What is an important technique to use when giving an IM injection? - Draw about 0.2ccs of air
into syringe (air lock)
Hold syringe like a dart at 90 degree angle
Max amount injected is 3ccs
*DO NOT MASSAGE- will break seal*
What are the complications associated with IM injections? - - inject into vessel
- inject into nerve
- needle breaks off
, - sterile/septic abscess
Which type of injection is used for drugs requiring slower absorption and longer duration of action? -
SubQ
*drugs must be soluble and potent in small concentrations
What are the 3 common sites used for SC injections? - - upper outer arm
- anterior thigh
- lower abdomen
What are the MC SC injections given? - Heparin & Insulin
*refrigerate insulin
*Do NOT aspirate or massage heparin injections
How is insulin mixed? - Rolled between palms of hands - gently!
What technique should be used when giving a SC injection? - Pinch SC tissue into roll with thumb
& forefinger of non-dominant hand; inject at 45 degree angle
Max amount 2ccs
Which type of injection has little systemic affects and is mainly localized? - ID injections - TB &
allergy testing
What are the C/I to ID injections? - - dermatitis
- cellulitis
- previous positive TB test
What are the most commonly used sites for ID injections? - Ventral forearm (TB) & back (allergy
testing)
*Rabies vaccine given ID in deltoid
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