PRAXIS 5135 ART: CONTENT &
ANALYSIS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Reliefm-mans✔✔Amprojectingmdesignmcarvedmormmodeledmonmamflatmbackground
Perspectivem-mans✔✔Amtechniquemformrepresentingmspacemandm3-
dimensionalmobjectsmonmamflat,m2-dimensionalmsurfacembymsuggestingmdepthmormdistance
Figurativem-
mans✔✔Stylemthatmaccuratelymrepresentsmfigures,manimals,mormothermrecognizablemobjec
ts
Graphicm-
mans✔✔Artmonmamflatmsurfacembasedmonmdrawingmandmusemofmline;mespeciallymappliedmto
mprintmaking
Planem-mans✔✔Amflat,m2-
dimensionalmsurfacemwithmamdefinedmboundary;mAnmelementmwithm2mdimensions-
lengthmandmwidth
Staticm-
mans✔✔Arrangementmofmshapes,mlines,mcolorsmthatmreducemvisualmmovementmwhenmloo
kingmatmampicture
Flatm-
mans✔✔Withoutmillusionmofmvolumemormdepth;malsompuremcolormlackingmgradationsmofmton
e
Complementarym-mans✔✔Oppositemcolorsmonmthemcolormwheelm(green/red;morange/blue)
Valuesm-mans✔✔Degreemofmlightmormdarkminmamcolor
Monumentalm-mans✔✔Pertainingmtommonuments;mheroicmscale
Drypointm-
mans✔✔AnmIntagliomprintingmprocessmwheremamdesignmismscratchedmintomamcoppermormzi
ncmplatemwithmamfinemsteelmneedlemormjewel,mwhichmpermitsmsoftmatmosphericmeffects
,Etchingm-
mans✔✔Indentationsmonmamplatemaremsubmergedminmanmacidmbathmsomthatmonlymthemlines
mappearminmthemprint
Lithographm-
mans✔✔Themartistmdrawsmonmamlimestonemslabmwithmamgreasymcrayon.mWatermismapplied,
mwhichmadheresmtomthemstones'smnonmgreasymsurface,mandmthenmgreasyminkmismrolledmon,
mwhichmsticksmonlymwheremtheremismnomwater.mAmsheetmofmpapermismthenmappliedmtomthem
slabminmamlithographicmpressmtomreproduce
SilkmScreenmPrintsm(Serigrophy)m-
mans✔✔DevelopedmbymAndymWarhol;mAmstencilmismattachedmtomamscreenmofmsilkmstretche
dmonmamframe,mthenminkmismforcedmthroughmthemstencilmwithmamrubbermsqueegee
Expressionismm-
mans✔✔Themusemofmdistorted,mexaggeratedmformsmandmcolorsmformemotionalmimpact
L'ArtmBrutm-mans✔✔Rawmormcrudemart;mcoinedmbymDubuffet
Haniwam-
mans✔✔"CirclemofmClay";mResemblesmamcylindermperhapsmtomthemheightmofmampicketmfenc
emaroundmthemmound.
HaniwamartmtellsmusmmuchmaboutmearlymlifeminmJapan
Neolithic,mPre-BronzemAgemJapanesemArtm-mans✔✔Prolificmandmaccomplishedmpotters;m
Earlymdesignsmweremsimplemcordmpatternsminmrelativelymlowmrelief;m
Figurinesmofmthemeramdepictmsimilar,mcordedmstylingmandmknotting
TrinitymatmHoryu-jimandmthemearlymT'angmstylem-
mans✔✔LocatedmwithinmthemTachibanamShrinematmNara;mConstructedmofmgildedmbronzem
andmhousedminmamwoodenmtabernacle,mitmconsistsmofmthreemmajormunits-
amflatmbase;mamtriptychmformambackgroundmscreenmandmthemthreemmainmsculpturalmimages
mwhichmeithermsitmormstandmonmlotusesmthatmrisemfromma
Tamamushim-
mans✔✔Anmarchitecturalmmodelmconstructedmofmwoodmwhichmismmeantmtomenclosemanmi
magemsuchmasmampainting.
ThemBauhausmArtmSchoolm-
mans✔✔FoundedmbymarchitectmWaltermGropiusmatmWeimer,mGermanyminm1919.m
ThembasicmcoursematmthemschoolmconsistedmofmtrainingmthroughmartmthatmA)involvedmallmt
hemsense,mB)mcombinedmthinkingmandmfeelingmandmC)mincludedmproblemmsolvingmthroug
hmdirectmexperience.m
,Themtheoriesmandmcurriculummdevelopedmatmthemschoolmprovedminfluentialmtomthemindustr
ialmdesignmofmmanymproductsmincludingmautomobiles,mtools,mhouseholdmappliancesmandm
furniture.
Pre-ColumbianmArtm-
mans✔✔ArtmproducedmbymvariousmcivilizationsmthatmexistedminmthemAmericasmpriormtomSp
anishmconquestmandmcolonizationminmthem16thmcentury.mMuchmexistingmartmwasmdestroye
dmduringmthismtime.
Themartmprimarilymconsistsmofmmasks,mfabrics,mvesselsmandmsimilarmartifactsmthatmoftenmd
epictmanimalmandmhumanmforms.mSnakes,mcondorsmandmjaguarsmweremfrequentmsubjects
mandmsurvivingmrenditionsmindicatemthatmthemartisansmhadmamsuperiormunderstandingmofmt
hesemcreatures.
ThemOriginmandmStylemofmIndianmPallavamsculpturem-
mans✔✔PallavamhasmitsmoriginsminmthemBuddhistmsculpturesmandmstupasmatmAmaravatima
ndmwasmthempredominantmstylemofmearlymmedievalmartminmSouthernmIndia.m
Pallavamfiguresmexhibitmamroundednessmormcurvaceousmfluiditymandmaremoftenmdepictedmi
nmexaggeratedmposesmaccentuatingmmovement.
BriefmHistoricalmsummarymofmChinesempaintingm-
mans✔✔ThemChinesembeganmpaintingmasmwemknowmitminmammodernmsensemmoremthanm3
000myearsmago.m
Westernmmuseumsmhavemcommonlympreservedmportablempaintings,mincludingmscreens,m
hangingmscrolls,mfansmandmalbums.m
Themmostmcommonlymusedmmaterialsmwerempigmentsmormcolors,msilk,mpaper,minkmandmbr
ush.m
AmsubstantialmamountmofmChinesemartmismamcombinationmofmpaintingmandmlinemdrawing.m
Subjectmmattermwasmquitemoftenmlandscapes.m
Rivers,mtrees,manimals,mmountains,mairmandmskymfrequentlympossessedmlife-
likemqualitiesmofmmovement.
ThemShangmDynastym-
mans✔✔Developedmamwrittenmlanguagemasmwellmasmhuntingmandmagriculturalmtechniques
.mReligionmormatmleastmcertainlymspiritualitymplayedmampartminmtheirmsocietymasmwell.m
ThemShangmexpressedmthemselvesmartisticallymonmpracticalmobjectsmsuchmasmaxes,mwea
pons,murns,mkettlesmandmothermformsmofmpottery.mTheymweremprolificmandmaccomplishedm
Bronzemartisans.
ThemusemofmJademinmChinesemArtm-
mans✔✔Nomothermculturemismknownmtomhavemworkedmjademformartisticmpurposedminmsuchm
amconsistentmandmunbrokenmtraditionmasmthemChinese.
ThemearliestmjademobjectsmrecoveredmfrommChinamaremtoolsmandmdisksmwithmcentralmcircu
larmorificesmbutmovermthemfirstm1000myearsmofmcarvingmthemgeneralmartisticmstylesmofmthem
ShangmandmChoumdynastiesmeffectedmanmincreasedmsophisticationminmstylemandmsubjectm
matter.
, Encausticm-
mans✔✔Ammixturemofmpoweredmpigmentmandmhotmwax;musedminmpaintingmandmsculpture.
Contrappostom-
mans✔✔Themprinciplemofmweightmshiftminmwhichmthemweightmofmthembodymrestsmonmonemle
g.
WhatmismthemParthenonmmademof?m-mans✔✔Marble
Whatmarem3mtypesmofmColumnsmusedminmAncientmGreekmCulture?m-mans✔✔1.mDoric
2.mCorinthianm
3.mIonic
GeometricmArtm(GreekmArtmStyle)m-
mans✔✔Potterymornamentedmwithmgeometricmbandingmandmfriezesmofmsimplifiedmanimals
mandmhumans
ArchaicmArtm(GreekmArtmStyle)m-
mans✔✔IncludesmKourosmstonemfiguresmandmvasempainting
Kourosm(GreekmArtmStyle)m-mans✔✔(Nudemmalemyouth)mFree-
standingmstatuesmofmhumanmfigures;mfrontalmstance,mleftmfootmforward,mclenchedmfists,man
dmgrimacemknowmasm"Archiacmsmile"
Korem(GreekmArtmStyle)m-mans✔✔(Clorhedmmaiden)mFree-
standingmstatuesmofmhumanmfigures;mfrontalmstance,mleftmfootmforward,mclenchedmfists,man
dmgrimacemknowmasm"Archiacmsmile"
SeveremStylem(GreekmArtmStyle)m-
mans✔✔EarlymphasemofmClassicalmsculpturemcharacterizedmbymreserved,mremotemexpres
sions
ClassicalmArtm(GreekmArtmStyle)m-
mans✔✔PeakmofmGreekmartmandmarchitecture,midealizedmfiguresmexemplifymordermandmha
rmony
HellenisticmArtm(GreekmArtmStyle)m-mans✔✔Greek-
derivedmstyle,mfoundminmAsiamMinor,mMesopotamia,mEgypt;mmoremmelodramaticmthanmCl
assicalmstyle
Basilicam-
mans✔✔Anmoblongmbuildingmwithmsemicircularmaspesmonmeithermendmandmhighmclerestory
mwindows.mUsedmasmammeetingmplaceminmRomanmtimesmandmwidelymimitatedminmMedieval
mChurches