Stomatitis:
• nystatin (oral/swish & swallow)
o Action: binds to fungal cell membrane, allowing leakage of cellular contents
o SE/AR: contact dermatitis, SJS, N/V/D
• acyclovir
o Action: Interferes with viral DNA synthesis
o SE/AR: dizziness, headache, N/V/D, changes in menstrual cycle, renal failure
• tetracycline syrup & minocycline
o Action: Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis at the level of the 30S bacterial
ribosome
o SE/AR: photosensitivity, N/V/D, esophagitis, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis
o Nursing Considerations: no antacids, iron, or calcium (no milk!)-will ¯
effectiveness. May cause staining of teeth and bones of baby if taken during
pregnancy or given to children under 8
, Peptic Ulcer Disease:
Histamine 2-Receptor Agonists:
• cimetidine
o Action: Inhibits the action of histamine at the H2-receptor site located
primarily in gastric parietal cells, resulting in inhibition of gastric acid secretion
o SE/AR: arrhythmias, constipation, diarrhea, hepatitis, confusion, impotence,
susceptibility to pneumonia
o Nursing Considerations: antacids & sucralfate ¯ absorption.
• famotidine
o Action: Inhibits the action of histamine at the H2-receptor site located
primarily in gastric parietal cells, resulting in inhibition of gastric acid secretion
o SE/AR: arrhythmias, constipation, diarrhea, hepatitis, confusion, impotence,
susceptibility to pneumonia
Proton Pump Inhibitors:
• omeprazole
o SE/AR: bone loss (long term use), headache, abdominal pain, N/V/D,
hypomagnesemia
o Nursing Considerations: administer once per day before breakfast, teach
patients to perform weight-bearing exercise daily and consume adequate
calcium and vitamin D, do not take with St. John’s wort, food can ¯
absorption
• pantoprazole
o SE/AR: DRESS, SJS, hyperglycemia, if treatment duration ³ 3 months-
hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia. Vitamin B12 deficiency,
bone fracture
Prostaglandin E Analog:
• misoprostol
o Action: Acts as a prostaglandin analogue, decreasing gastric acid secretion
(antisecretory effect) and increasing the production of protective mucus
(cytoprotective effect).
o SE/AR: abdominal pain, diarrhea, N/V, constipation, dyspepsia, flatulence,
miscarriage, menstrual irregularities, uterine cramping
o Nursing Considerations: risk of diarrhea with magnesium-containing
antacids, administer with caution in women with reproductive potential (will
cause spontaneous abortion if pregnancy < 49 days
