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EXAM: Maryville NURS 611 Patho; Questions with Certified Solutions

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  • Course
  • NUR 611
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  • NUR 611

EXAM: Maryville NURS 611 Patho; Questions with Certified Solutions What is Apoptosis? CORRECT ANS-A programmed cell death What is necrosis? CORRECT ANS-Death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury, or failure of the blood supply. Characteristics of tissue n...

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  • September 1, 2024
  • 35
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NUR 611
  • NUR 611
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EXAM: Maryville NURS 611 Patho; Questions with
Certified Solutions

What is Apoptosis? CORRECT ANS-A programmed cell death




What is necrosis? CORRECT ANS-Death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue due

to disease, injury, or failure of the blood supply.




Characteristics of tissue necrosis CORRECT ANS-1) Rapid loss of of the plasma membrane

structure


2) Organelle swelling


3) Mitochondrial dysfunction




Hypoxia CORRECT ANS-What is the #1 major cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis.

(especially the kidney and heart)




What is hypertrophy? CORRECT ANS-Is an increase in the size of cells




Physiologic hypertrophy CORRECT ANS-Hypertrophy of myocardial cells such as in

endurance training

, EXAM: Maryville NURS 611 Patho; Questions with
Certified Solutions


Pathologic hypertrophy CORRECT ANS-Occurs secondary to HTN




What is Hyperplasia CORRECT ANS-Increase in the number of cells




Pathological hyperplasia CORRECT ANS-Endometrial hyperplasia




Compensatory hyperplasia CORRECT ANS-Removal of 70% of the liver- can regenerate in

about 2 weeks




What is Metaplasia CORRECT ANS-Replacement of cells




Example of Metaplasia CORRECT ANS-Normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the

brohchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells

, EXAM: Maryville NURS 611 Patho; Questions with
Certified Solutions

During ischemia, what effect does the loss of the ATP levels have on cells? CORRECT ANS-

Reduction in ATP levels causes the plasma membrane's sodium-potassium pump and sodium-

calcium exchange to fail, which leads to an intracellular accumulation of sodium and calcium

and diffusion of potassium out of the cell. Sodium and water then can enter the cell freely,

and cellular swelling results.




Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases?

CORRECT ANS-These reactive oxygen species play major roles in the initiation and

progression of cardiovascular alterations associated with hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus,

hypertension, ischemic heart diseases, and chronic heart failure.




What are free radicals? CORRECT ANS-Electrically uncharged atom or group of atoms

having an unpaired electron.




How are free radicals formed? CORRECT ANS-Having one unpaired electron makes the

molecule unstable; thus to stabilize, it gives up an electron to another molecule or steals one.

, EXAM: Maryville NURS 611 Patho; Questions with
Certified Solutions

Free radical species CORRECT ANS-Are capable of injurious chemical bond formation with

proteins, lipids, carbohydrates - key molecules in membranes and nucleic acids.




What are the Lysosomes? CORRECT ANS-Enzymatic digestion of cellular organelles,

including the nucleus and nucleolus, halting synthesis of DNA and RNA




What are peroxisomes? CORRECT ANS-membrane-bound organelles in most Eukaryotic

cells, primarily involved in lipid metabolism and the conversion of reactive oxygen species

such as hydrogen peroxide into safer molecules like water and oxygen




How does the body metabolize Ethanol CORRECT ANS-Liver enzymes metabolize ethanol

to acetaldehyde which causes hepatic cellular dysfunction. Peroxisomes help detoxify

ethanol.




Which cell component is the most vulnerable target of radiation? CORRECT ANS-DNA




What is Sarcopenia CORRECT ANS-Muscular atrophy

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