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EXAM 1: Maryville NURS 611; Questions and Answers 100% Verified

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  • NUR 611
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  • NUR 611

EXAM 1: Maryville NURS 611; Questions and Answers 100% Verified Nucleus CORRECT ANS-DNA and RNA are housed here. Contains all genetic material. Ribosomes CORRECT ANS-Responsible for protein synthesis Mitochondria CORRECT ANS-Produces ATP. This structure generates ATP by oxidative phosphoryl...

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  • September 1, 2024
  • 46
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NUR 611
  • NUR 611
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EXAM 1: Maryville NURS 611; Questions and
Answers 100% Verified



Nucleus CORRECT ANS-DNA and RNA are housed here. Contains all genetic material.




Ribosomes CORRECT ANS-Responsible for protein synthesis




Mitochondria CORRECT ANS-Produces ATP. This structure generates ATP by oxidative

phosphorylation. Cells power plant. The more a cell needs energy the more it will need this.

The heart would need more of this than the eyes, bones, or skin.




Golgi apparatus CORRECT ANS-Responsible for packaging and distribution. Processes and

packages proteins for delivery. Shipping and receiving center. Receives newly synthesized

proteins and lipids from the ER. Modified with sugar molecules for their destination. Then

sends them on their way.




Lysosome CORRECT ANS-Degrades and recycles waste. Contains digestive enzymes. Does

this with hydrolase enzymes

, EXAM 1: Maryville NURS 611; Questions and
Answers 100% Verified



Peroxisome CORRECT ANS-Has a byproduct of H2O2 which produces Free Radicals. Can

detoxify compounds and fatty acids. (Think peroxide) they break things down using oxygen.

Byproduct is H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide). Digest and breakdown organic molecules - uses

molecular oxygen.




Free Radical CORRECT ANS-Any molecular species capable of independent existence that

contains a single unpaired electron in an outer orbit. Having one unpaired electron makes the

molecule unstable; the molecule becomes stabilized either by donating or by accepting an

electron from another molecule.




Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) CORRECT ANS-Chemically reactive molecules from

molecular oxygen formed as natural oxidant species in cells during mitochondrial respiration

and energy generation.




Damage by free radicals/ROS CORRECT ANS-When excessive ROSs overwhelm the

endogenous antioxidant systems, oxidative stress occurs. A very large excess of ROS tends to

cause necrosis, but smaller excess of ROS can cause apoptosis.

, EXAM 1: Maryville NURS 611; Questions and
Answers 100% Verified



Free radicals can cause lipid peroxidation or the destruction of unsaturated fatty acid,

alterations of proteins, and alterations in DNA




What is the plasma membrane made up of? CORRECT ANS-Lipids, proteins, and

polysaccharides




Why do we need a cell membrane? CORRECT ANS-To keep the ICF and ECF separate,

structure, protection, activation of cell, transport, and cell-to-cell interaction




How is osmolality different between ICF and ECF? CORRECT ANS-The osmolality of ICF and

ECF tends to equalize and therefore provides a measure of body fluid concentration and thus

the body's hydration status.




What do proteins do for the cell? CORRECT ANS-Proteins act as


Recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in and out of the cell;

, EXAM 1: Maryville NURS 611; Questions and
Answers 100% Verified



Pores or transport channels for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes

and specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides;


Specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote concentration of certain ions,

particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other ions, for

example sodium (Na+), below concentrations found in the extracellular environment;


Cell surface markers, such as glycoproteins (proteins attached to carbohydrates), that identify

a cell to its neighbor;


Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), or proteins that allow cells to hook together and form

attachments to the cytoskeleton for maintaining cellular shape; and


Catalysts of chemical reactions, for example, conversion of lactose to glucose.




How much of the cell membrane is made up of protein? CORRECT ANS-55% the cell

membrane is made up of protein

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