Class notes
Notes from Textbook
- Course
- NU434 (NU434)
- Institution
- Thomas Jefferson University
Ch 3: Inflammation and Tissue Repair
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
Chapter 3: Inflammation and Tissue RepairBODY DEFENSE MECHANISMS
First Line of Defense
● Surface and chemical barriers
● Skin and mucous membranes
○ Tear and saliva are enzyme-filled fluids that protect eyes and oral cavity
Second Line of Defense
● Aka “Inflammatory response”
● Non-specific -- the process of waging an inflammatory response is identical
regardless of the cause of injury
Third Line of Defense
● Activated through the immune response
● Specific defense depending on the type of invader
MODULE 1: ACUTE INFLAMMATION
Acute inflammation: triggered by tissue injury & is essential for healing
● Major 3 goals:
1) Vascular Response: to increase blood flow to site of injury
2) Cellular Response: To alert products of healing to attend to the site of injury
, 3) To remove injured tissue and prepare the site for repair and healing
● Injury: any form of damage or alteration to cells or tissues
1) VASCULAR RESPONSE
● Blood vessels dilate (widen) to increase blood flow to site of injury
● Lining of blood vessel becomes more permeable (or loosens) to allows cells to move from vessel
into injured tissue easily
● Loosening of blood vessel occurs in basement membrane of blood vessel and
adjacent endothelial cells
○ Endothelial cells: form a tight junction within the inner lining of a
heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
■ They are connected to the basement membrane -- a
noncellular sheet that separates the vessel from body tissues
Why is there a need for increased blood & fluid at site of injury?
1) Blood is composed of cells active in phagocytosis (process of engulfing and
removing harmful agents), and other cells that promote healing & developing
an immune response
2) Increased fluid dilutes harmful substances at the site of the injury
Exudate: layer of watery fluid that seeps from a wound (e.g. out of a knee scrape)
● High protein & leukocyte []
● An indicator that vessels have become more permeable & cells active in phagocytosis are
present/ ready to fend off microorganisms
● Healing can then begin
Inflammatory mediators: facilitate the process of widening and loosening the
blood vessels at the site of injury; messenger that acts on blood vessels and/or cells
to promote an inflammatory response
● Location: found in blood plasma (fluid part of blood) and IN CELLS
(platelets, mast cells, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), basophils,
neutrophils, endothelial cells, monocytes, & macrophages)
● Examples of inflammatory mediators: Vasoactive amines, proteins,
cytokines, peptides, etc.
INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS WITHIN CELLS
● Commonly: WBCs produce & release inflammatory mediators
○ Platelets, endothelial cells, and injured tissue cells also produce
and release inflammatory mediators
a) Inflammatory Mediators Within White Blood Cells
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ldaneguy. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.19. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
82871 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now